cmstd: Modernize CMake system headers

Provide a standardized way to handle the C++ "standard" headers
customized to be used with current CMake C++ standard constraints.
Offer under directory `cm` headers which can be used as direct
replacements of the standard ones.  For example:

    #include <cm/string_view>

can be used safely for CMake development in place of the `<string_view>`
standard header.

Fixes: #19491