Build ADIOS with Blosc

Enable support for bzip2 and png in ADIOS as well.

See #20776 .

I also made some other changes to the CI build files:

• Use set -euxo pipefail to abort on build errors
• Use cmake --parallel option to build in parallel

Please advise how to handle these two; I can leave them as is, remove them, or open a separate merge request.