Reduce raw string pointers usage.

* Change some functions to take `std::string` instead of
  `const char*` in the following classes: `cmMakeFile`, `cmake`,
  `cmCoreTryCompile`, `cmSystemTools`,  `cmState`, `cmLocalGenerator`
  and a few others.
* Greatly reduce using of `const char*` overloads for
  `cmSystemTools::MakeDirectory` and `cmSystemTools::RelativePath`.
* Remove many redundant `c_str()` conversions throughout the code.