gitlab-ci: add jobs testing Intel 2023.2.1 and 2024.0.0 compilers on Linux
Note that the classic compiler version is 2021.10.0, but we still have it in the 2023.2.1 base image. Also, oneAPI 2024 no longer includes the classic compiler for C/C++.
Note that the classic compiler version is 2021.10.0, but we still have it in the 2023.2.1 base image. Also, oneAPI 2024 no longer includes the classic compiler for C/C++.