CUDA: Detect non-working user-specified architectures on NVCC

Raul Tambrerequested to merge
tambre/cmake:cuda_user_architectures_nvcc into master

Extends better error message implemented in !4800 (merged) for Clang to NVCC.

Additionally fixed the error incorrectly being thrown if the user-specified list differed in order to the architectures parsed from the compiler output.

Implements #20757 (closed).

Merge request reports