ProcessUNIX.c

/*=========================================================================

Program:   KWSys - Kitware System Library
Module:    ProcessUNIX.c
Language:  C++
Date:      $Date$
Version:   $Revision$

Copyright (c) 2002 Kitware, Inc., Insight Consortium.  All rights reserved.
See http://www.cmake.org/HTML/Copyright.html for details.

This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even 
the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 
PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notices for more information.

=========================================================================*/
#define KWSYS_IN_PROCESS_C
#include <Process.h>

/*

Implementation for UNIX
  
On UNIX, a child process is forked to exec the program.  Three
output pipes from the child are read by the parent process using a
select call to block until data are ready.  Two of the pipes are
stdout and stderr for the child.  The third is a special error pipe
that has two purposes.  First, if the child cannot exec the program,
the error is reported through the error pipe.  Second, the error
pipe is left open until the child exits.  This is used in
conjunction with the timeout on the select call to implement a
timeout for program even when it closes stdout and stderr.
*/

#include <stdio.h>     /* snprintf */
#include <stdlib.h>    /* malloc, free */
#include <string.h>    /* strdup, strerror, memset */
#include <sys/time.h>  /* struct timeval */
#include <sys/types.h> /* pid_t, fd_set */
#include <sys/wait.h>  /* waitpid */
#include <unistd.h>    /* pipe, close, fork, execvp, select, _exit */
#include <fcntl.h>     /* fcntl */
#include <errno.h>     /* errno */
#include <time.h>      /* gettimeofday */
#include <signal.h>    /* sigaction */

/* The number of pipes for the child's output.  The standard stdout
   and stderr pipes are the first two.  One more pipe is used for the
   child to report errors to the parent before the real process is
   invoked.  */
#define KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT 3
#define KWSYSPE_PIPE_STDOUT 0
#define KWSYSPE_PIPE_STDERR 1
#define KWSYSPE_PIPE_ERROR 2

/* The maximum amount to read from a pipe at a time.  */
#define KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

typedef struct timeval kwsysProcessTime;

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void kwsysProcessInitialize(kwsysProcess* cp);
static void kwsysProcessCleanup(kwsysProcess* cp, int error);
static void kwsysProcessCleanupDescriptor(int* pfd);
static int kwsysProcessGetTimeoutTime(kwsysProcess* cp, double* userTimeout,
                                      kwsysProcessTime* timeoutTime);
static int kwsysProcessGetTimeoutLeft(kwsysProcessTime* timeoutTime,
                                      kwsysProcessTime* timeoutLength);
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeGetCurrent();
static double kwsysProcessTimeToDouble(kwsysProcessTime t);
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeFromDouble(double d);
static int kwsysProcessTimeLess(kwsysProcessTime in1, kwsysProcessTime in2);
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeAdd(kwsysProcessTime in1, kwsysProcessTime in2);
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeSubtract(kwsysProcessTime in1, kwsysProcessTime in2);
static void kwsysProcessChildErrorExit(kwsysProcess* cp);
static void kwsysProcessRestoreDefaultSignalHandlers();

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Structure containing data used to implement the child's execution.  */
struct kwsysProcess_s
{
  /* The command line to execute. */
  char** Command;

  /* Descriptors for the read ends of the child's output pipes. */
  int PipeReadEnds[KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT];
  
  /* Descriptors for the write ends of the child's output pipes. */
  int PipeWriteEnds[KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT];
  
  /* Buffer for pipe data.  */
  char PipeBuffer[KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE];

  /* Process ID returned by the fork.  */
  pid_t ForkPID;
  
  /* Flag for whether the child reported an error.  */
  int ChildError;
  
  /* The timeout length.  */
  float Timeout;
  
  /* Time at which the child started.  Negative for no timeout.  */
  kwsysProcessTime StartTime;
  
  /* Time at which the child will timeout.  Negative for no timeout.  */
  kwsysProcessTime TimeoutTime;
  
  /* Flag for whether the timeout expired.  */
  int TimeoutExpired;
  
  /* The old SIGCHLD handler.  */
  struct sigaction OldSigChldAction;
  
  /* The number of pipes left open during execution.  */
  int PipesLeft;
  
  /* File descriptor set for call to select.  */
  fd_set PipeSet;

  /* The current status of the child process. */
  int State;

  /* The exit code of the child process, if any.  */
  int ExitCode;
  
  /* Whether the process was killed.  */
  int Killed;
  
  /* Buffer for error message in case of failure.  */
  char ErrorMessage[KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE+1];
  int ErrorMessageLength;
};

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
kwsysProcess* kwsysProcess_New()
{
  /* Allocate a process control structure.  */
  kwsysProcess* cp = (kwsysProcess*)malloc(sizeof(kwsysProcess));
  if(!cp)
    {
    return 0;
    }
  memset(cp, 0, sizeof(kwsysProcess));
  cp->State = kwsysProcess_Starting;
  return cp;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void kwsysProcess_Delete(kwsysProcess* cp)
{
  /* If the process is executing, wait for it to finish.  */
  if(cp->State == kwsysProcess_Executing)
    {
    kwsysProcess_WaitForExit(cp, 0);
    }
  
  /* Free memory.  */
  kwsysProcess_SetCommand(cp, 0);
  free(cp);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void kwsysProcess_SetCommand(kwsysProcess* cp, char const* const* command)
{
  if(cp->Command)
    {
    char** c = cp->Command;
    while(*c)
      {
      free(*c++);
      }
    free(cp->Command);
    cp->Command = 0;
    }
  if(command)
    {
    char const* const* c = command;
    int n = 0;
    int i = 0;
    while(*c++);
    n = c - command - 1;
    cp->Command = (char**)malloc((n+1)*sizeof(char*));
    for(i=0; i < n; ++i)
      {
      cp->Command[i] = strdup(command[i]);
      }
    cp->Command[n] = 0;
    }  
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void kwsysProcess_SetTimeout(kwsysProcess* cp, double timeout)
{
  cp->Timeout = timeout;
  if(cp->Timeout < 0)
    {
    cp->Timeout = 0;
    }
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int kwsysProcess_GetState(kwsysProcess* cp)
{
  return cp->State;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int kwsysProcess_GetExitCode(kwsysProcess* cp)
{
  return cp->ExitCode;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
const char* kwsysProcess_GetErrorString(kwsysProcess* cp)
{
  if(cp->State == kwsysProcess_Error)
    {
    return cp->PipeBuffer;
    }
  return "";
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void kwsysProcess_Execute(kwsysProcess* cp)
{
  int i;
  struct sigaction newSigChldAction;
  
  /* Do not execute a second copy simultaneously.  */
  if(cp->State == kwsysProcess_Executing)
    {
    return;
    }
  
  /* Initialize the control structure for a new process.  */
  kwsysProcessInitialize(cp);
  
  /* We want no special handling of SIGCHLD.  Repeat call until it is
     not interrupted.  */
  newSigChldAction.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
  while((sigaction(SIGCHLD, &newSigChldAction, &cp->OldSigChldAction) < 0) &&
        (errno == EINTR));
  
  /* Create pipes for subprocess output.  */
  for(i=0; i < KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT; ++i)
    {
    int p[2];
    
    /* Create the pipe.  */
    if(pipe(p) < 0)
      {
      kwsysProcessCleanup(cp, 1);
      return;
      }
    
    /* Set close-on-exec flag on the pipe's ends.  */
    if((fcntl(p[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0) ||
       (fcntl(p[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0))
      {
      kwsysProcessCleanup(cp, 1);
      return;
      }
    
    /* Store the pipe.  */
    cp->PipeReadEnds[i] = p[0];
    cp->PipeWriteEnds[i] = p[1];
    }
  
  /* The timeout period starts now.  */
  cp->StartTime = kwsysProcessTimeGetCurrent();
  cp->TimeoutTime.tv_sec = -1;
  cp->TimeoutTime.tv_usec = -1;
  
  /* Fork off a child process.  */
  cp->ForkPID = fork();
  if(cp->ForkPID < 0)
    {
    kwsysProcessCleanup(cp, 1);
    return;
    }
  
  /* If this is the child process, run the real process.  */  
  if(cp->ForkPID == 0)
    {
    /* Close stdin.  */
    close(0);
    
    /* Setup the stdout/stderr pipes.  */
    dup2(cp->PipeWriteEnds[KWSYSPE_PIPE_STDOUT], 1);
    dup2(cp->PipeWriteEnds[KWSYSPE_PIPE_STDERR], 2);
    
    /* Clear the close-on-exec flag for stdout, stderr, and the child
       error report pipe.  All other pipe handles will be closed when
       exec succeeds.  */
    fcntl(1, F_SETFD, 0);
    fcntl(2, F_SETFD, 0);
    fcntl(cp->PipeWriteEnds[KWSYSPE_PIPE_ERROR], F_SETFD, 0);
    
    /* Restore all default signal handlers. */
    kwsysProcessRestoreDefaultSignalHandlers();
    
    /* Execute the real process.  If successful, this does not return.  */
    execvp(cp->Command[0], cp->Command);
    
    /* Failure.  Report error to parent and terminate.  */
    kwsysProcessChildErrorExit(cp);
    }
  
  /* The parent process does not need the pipe write ends.  */
  for(i=0; i < KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT; ++i)
    {
    kwsysProcessCleanupDescriptor(&cp->PipeWriteEnds[i]);
    }
  
  /* All the pipes are now open.  */
  cp->PipesLeft = KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT;
  
  /* The process has now started.  */
  cp->State = kwsysProcess_Executing;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int kwsysProcess_WaitForData(kwsysProcess* cp, int pipes, char** data, int* length,
                          double* userTimeout)
{
  int i;
  int max = -1;
  kwsysProcessTime* timeout = 0;
  kwsysProcessTime timeoutLength;
  kwsysProcessTime timeoutTime;
  kwsysProcessTime userStartTime;
  int user = 0;
  int expired = 0;
  int pipeId = 0;
  int numReady = 0;
  
  /* Record the time at which user timeout period starts.  */
  if(userTimeout)
    {
    userStartTime = kwsysProcessTimeGetCurrent();
    }
  
  /* Calculate the time at which a timeout will expire, and whether it
     is the user or process timeout.  */
  user = kwsysProcessGetTimeoutTime(cp, userTimeout, &timeoutTime);
  
  /* Data can only be available when pipes are open.  If the process
     is not running, cp->PipesLeft will be 0.  */
  while(cp->PipesLeft > 0)
    {
    /* Check for any open pipes with data reported ready by the last
       call to select.  */
    for(i=0; i < KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT; ++i)
      {
      if(cp->PipeReadEnds[i] >= 0 &&
         FD_ISSET(cp->PipeReadEnds[i], &cp->PipeSet))
        {
        int n;
        
        /* We are handling this pipe now.  Remove it from the set.  */
        FD_CLR(cp->PipeReadEnds[i], &cp->PipeSet);
        
        /* The pipe is ready to read without blocking.  Keep trying to
           read until the operation is not interrupted.  */
        while(((n = read(cp->PipeReadEnds[i], cp->PipeBuffer,
                         KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE)) < 0) && (errno == EINTR));
        if(n > 0)
          {
          /* We have data on this pipe.  */
          if(i == KWSYSPE_PIPE_ERROR)
            {
            /* This is data on the special error reporting pipe.  The
               child process failed to execute the program.  */
            cp->ChildError = 1;
            if(n > KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE - cp->ErrorMessageLength)
              {
              n = KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE - cp->ErrorMessageLength;
              }
            if(n > 0)
              {
              memcpy(cp->ErrorMessage+cp->ErrorMessageLength,
                     cp->PipeBuffer, n);
              cp->ErrorMessageLength += n;
              cp->ErrorMessage[cp->ErrorMessageLength] = 0;
              }
            }
          else if(pipes & (1 << i))
            {
            /* Caller wants this data.  Report it.  */
            *data = cp->PipeBuffer;
            *length = n;
            pipeId = (1 << i);
            break;
            }
          }
        else
          {
          /* We are done reading from this pipe.  */
          kwsysProcessCleanupDescriptor(&cp->PipeReadEnds[i]);
          --cp->PipesLeft;
          }
        }
      }
    
    /* If we have data, break early.  */
    if(pipeId)
      {
      break;
      }
    
    /* Make sure the set is empty (it should always be empty here
       anyway).  */
    FD_ZERO(&cp->PipeSet);
    
    /* Add the pipe reading ends that are still open.  */
    max = -1;
    for(i=0; i < KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT; ++i)
      {
      if(cp->PipeReadEnds[i] >= 0)
        {
        FD_SET(cp->PipeReadEnds[i], &cp->PipeSet);
        if(cp->PipeReadEnds[i] > max)
          {
          max = cp->PipeReadEnds[i];
          }
        }
      }
  
    /* Make sure we have a non-empty set.  */
    if(max < 0)
      {
      /* All pipes have closed.  Child has terminated.  */
      break;
      }
    
    /* Setup a timeout if required.  */
    if(timeoutTime.tv_sec < 0)
      {
      timeout = 0;
      }
    else
      {
      timeout = &timeoutLength;
      }
    if(kwsysProcessGetTimeoutLeft(&timeoutTime, &timeoutLength))
      {
      /* Timeout has already expired.  */
      expired = 1;
      break;
      }
    
    /* Run select to block until data are available.  Repeat call
       until it is not interrupted.  */
    while(((numReady = select(max+1, &cp->PipeSet, 0, 0, timeout)) < 0) &&
          (errno == EINTR));
    
    /* Check result of select.  */
    if(numReady == 0)
      {
      /* Select's timeout expired.  */
      expired = 1;
      break;
      }
    else if(numReady < 0)
      {
      /* Select returned an error.  Leave the error description in the
         pipe buffer.  */
      snprintf(cp->ErrorMessage, KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE,
               "%s", strerror(errno));
      
      /* Kill the child now.  */
      kwsysProcess_Kill(cp);
      cp->Killed = 0;
      cp->ChildError = 1;
      cp->PipesLeft = 0;
      }
    }
  
  /* Update the user timeout.  */
  if(userTimeout)
    {
    kwsysProcessTime userEndTime = kwsysProcessTimeGetCurrent();
    kwsysProcessTime difference = kwsysProcessTimeSubtract(userEndTime,
                                                     userStartTime);
    double d = kwsysProcessTimeToDouble(difference);
    *userTimeout -= d;
    if(*userTimeout < 0)
      {
      *userTimeout = 0;
      }
    }
  
  /* Check what happened.  */
  if(pipeId)
    {
    /* Data are ready on a pipe.  */
    return pipeId;
    }
  else if(expired)
    {
    /* A timeout has expired.  */
    if(user)
      {
      /* The user timeout has expired.  It has no time left.  */
      return kwsysProcess_Timeout;
      }
    else
      {
      /* The process timeout has expired.  Kill the child now.  */
      kwsysProcess_Kill(cp);
      cp->Killed = 0;
      cp->TimeoutExpired = 1;
      cp->PipesLeft = 0;
      return 0;
      }
    }
  else
    {
    /* No pipes are left open.  */
    return 0;
    }
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int kwsysProcess_WaitForExit(kwsysProcess* cp, double* userTimeout)
{
  int result = 0;
  int status = 0;
  int pipe = 0;
  
  /* Make sure we are executing a process.  */
  if(cp->State != kwsysProcess_Executing)
    {
    return 1;
    }
  
  /* Wait for all the pipes to close.  Ignore all data.  */
  while((pipe = kwsysProcess_WaitForData(cp, 0, 0, 0, userTimeout)) > 0)
    {
    if(pipe == kwsysProcess_Timeout)
      {
      return 0;
      }
    }

  /* Wait for the child to terminate.  The process should have already
     exited because KWSYSPE_PIPE_ERROR has been closed by this point.
     Repeat the call until it is not interrupted.  */
  while(((result = waitpid(cp->ForkPID, &status, 0)) < 0) && (errno == EINTR));
  if(result <= 0)
    {
    /* Unexpected error.  */
    kwsysProcessCleanup(cp, 1);
    return 1;
    }
  
  /* Check whether the child reported an error invoking the process.  */
  if(cp->ChildError)
    {
    /* The error message is already in its buffer.  Tell
       kwsysProcessCleanup to not create it.  */
    kwsysProcessCleanup(cp, 0);
    cp->State = kwsysProcess_Error;
    return 1;
    }
  
  /* Determine the outcome.  */
  if(cp->Killed)
    {
    /* We killed the child.  */
    cp->State = kwsysProcess_Killed;
    }
  else if(cp->TimeoutExpired)
    {
    /* The timeout expired.  */
    cp->State = kwsysProcess_Expired;
    }
  else if(WIFEXITED(status))
    {
    /* The child exited.  */
    cp->State = kwsysProcess_Exited;
    cp->ExitCode = (int)WEXITSTATUS(status);
    }
  else if(WIFSIGNALED(status))
    {
    /* The child received an unhandled signal.  */
    cp->State = kwsysProcess_Signalled;
    cp->ExitCode = (int)WTERMSIG(status);
    }
  else
    {
    /* Error getting the child return code.  */
    strcpy(cp->ErrorMessage, "Error getting child return code.");
    cp->State = kwsysProcess_Error;
    }
  
  /* Normal cleanup.  */
  kwsysProcessCleanup(cp, 0);
  return 1;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void kwsysProcess_Kill(kwsysProcess* cp)
{  
  /* Make sure we are executing a process.  */
  if(cp->State != kwsysProcess_Executing)
    {
    return;
    }
  
  /* Kill the child.  */
  cp->Killed = 1;
  kill(cp->ForkPID, SIGKILL);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Initialize a process control structure for kwsysProcess_Execute.  */
static void kwsysProcessInitialize(kwsysProcess* cp)
{
  int i;
  for(i=0; i < KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT; ++i)
    {
    cp->PipeReadEnds[i] = -1;
    cp->PipeWriteEnds[i] = -1;
    }
  cp->ForkPID = -1;
  cp->ChildError = 0;
  cp->StartTime.tv_sec = -1;
  cp->StartTime.tv_usec = -1;
  cp->TimeoutTime.tv_sec = -1;
  cp->TimeoutTime.tv_usec = -1;
  cp->TimeoutExpired = 0;
  cp->PipesLeft = 0;
  FD_ZERO(&cp->PipeSet);
  cp->State = kwsysProcess_Starting;
  cp->Killed = 0;
  cp->ExitCode = 0;
  cp->ErrorMessage[0] = 0;
  cp->ErrorMessageLength = 0;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Free all resources used by the given kwsysProcess instance that were
   allocated by kwsysProcess_Execute.  */
static void kwsysProcessCleanup(kwsysProcess* cp, int error)
{
  int i;
  
  /* If cleaning up due to an error, report the error message.  */
  if(error)
    {
    snprintf(cp->ErrorMessage, KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE, "%s", strerror(errno));
    cp->State = kwsysProcess_Error;
    }
  
  /* Restore the SIGCHLD handler.  */
  while((sigaction(SIGCHLD, &cp->OldSigChldAction, 0) < 0) &&
        (errno == EINTR));
  
  /* Close pipe handles.  */
  for(i=0; i < KWSYSPE_PIPE_COUNT; ++i)
    {
    kwsysProcessCleanupDescriptor(&cp->PipeReadEnds[i]);
    kwsysProcessCleanupDescriptor(&cp->PipeWriteEnds[i]);
    }
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Close the given file descriptor if it is open.  Reset its value to -1.  */
static void kwsysProcessCleanupDescriptor(int* pfd)
{
  if(pfd && *pfd >= 0)
    {
    /* Keep trying to close until it is not interrupted by a
     * signal.  */
    while((close(*pfd) < 0) && (errno == EINTR));
    *pfd = -1;
    }
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Get the time at which either the process or user timeout will
   expire.  Returns 1 if the user timeout is first, and 0 otherwise.  */
static int kwsysProcessGetTimeoutTime(kwsysProcess* cp, double* userTimeout,
                                      kwsysProcessTime* timeoutTime)
{
  /* The first time this is called, we need to calculate the time at
     which the child will timeout.  */
  if(cp->Timeout && cp->TimeoutTime.tv_sec < 0)
    {
    kwsysProcessTime length = kwsysProcessTimeFromDouble(cp->Timeout);
    cp->TimeoutTime = kwsysProcessTimeAdd(cp->StartTime, length);
    }
  
  /* Start with process timeout.  */
  *timeoutTime = cp->TimeoutTime;
  
  /* Check if the user timeout is earlier.  */
  if(userTimeout)
    {
    kwsysProcessTime currentTime = kwsysProcessTimeGetCurrent();
    kwsysProcessTime userTimeoutLength = kwsysProcessTimeFromDouble(*userTimeout);
    kwsysProcessTime userTimeoutTime = kwsysProcessTimeAdd(currentTime,
                                                     userTimeoutLength);
    if(kwsysProcessTimeLess(userTimeoutTime, *timeoutTime))
      {
      *timeoutTime = userTimeoutTime;
      return 1;
      }
    }
  return 0;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Get the length of time before the given timeout time arrives.
   Returns 1 if the time has already arrived, and 0 otherwise.  */
static int kwsysProcessGetTimeoutLeft(kwsysProcessTime* timeoutTime,
                                      kwsysProcessTime* timeoutLength)
{
  if(timeoutTime->tv_sec < 0)
    {
    /* No timeout time has been requested.  */
    return 0;
    }
  else
    {
    /* Calculate the remaining time.  */
    kwsysProcessTime currentTime = kwsysProcessTimeGetCurrent();
    *timeoutLength = kwsysProcessTimeSubtract(*timeoutTime, currentTime);
    if(timeoutLength->tv_sec < 0)
      {
      /* Timeout has already expired.  */
      return 1;
      }
    else
      {
      /* There is some time left.  */
      return 0;
      }
    }
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeGetCurrent()
{
  kwsysProcessTime current;
  gettimeofday(&current, 0);
  return current;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static double kwsysProcessTimeToDouble(kwsysProcessTime t)
{
  return (double)t.tv_sec + t.tv_usec*0.000001;  
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeFromDouble(double d)
{
  kwsysProcessTime t;
  t.tv_sec = (long)d;
  t.tv_usec = (long)((d-t.tv_sec)*1000000);
  return t;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int kwsysProcessTimeLess(kwsysProcessTime in1, kwsysProcessTime in2)
{
  return ((in1.tv_sec < in2.tv_sec) ||
          ((in1.tv_sec == in2.tv_sec) && (in1.tv_usec < in2.tv_usec)));
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeAdd(kwsysProcessTime in1, kwsysProcessTime in2)
{
  kwsysProcessTime out;
  out.tv_sec = in1.tv_sec + in2.tv_sec;
  out.tv_usec = in1.tv_usec + in2.tv_usec;
  if(out.tv_usec > 1000000)
    {
    out.tv_usec -= 1000000;
    out.tv_sec += 1;
    }
  return out;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static kwsysProcessTime kwsysProcessTimeSubtract(kwsysProcessTime in1, kwsysProcessTime in2)
{
  kwsysProcessTime out;
  out.tv_sec = in1.tv_sec - in2.tv_sec;
  out.tv_usec = in1.tv_usec - in2.tv_usec;
  if(out.tv_usec < 0)
    {
    out.tv_usec += 1000000;
    out.tv_sec -= 1;
    }
  return out;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* When the child process encounters an error before its program is
   invoked, this is called to report the error to the parent and
   exit.  */
static void kwsysProcessChildErrorExit(kwsysProcess* cp)
{
  /* Construct the error message.  */
  char buffer[KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE];
  snprintf(buffer, KWSYSPE_PIPE_BUFFER_SIZE, "%s", strerror(errno));
  
  /* Report the error to the parent through the special pipe.  */
  write(cp->PipeWriteEnds[KWSYSPE_PIPE_ERROR], buffer, strlen(buffer));
  
  /* Terminate without cleanup.  */
  _exit(1);
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Restores all signal handlers to their default values.  */
static void kwsysProcessRestoreDefaultSignalHandlers()
{
  struct sigaction act;
  act.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
#ifdef SIGHUP
  sigaction(SIGHUP, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGINT
  sigaction(SIGINT, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGQUIT
  sigaction(SIGQUIT, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGILL
  sigaction(SIGILL, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGTRAP
  sigaction(SIGTRAP, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGABRT
  sigaction(SIGABRT, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGIOT
  sigaction(SIGIOT, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGBUS
  sigaction(SIGBUS, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGFPE
  sigaction(SIGFPE, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGUSR1
  sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGSEGV
  sigaction(SIGSEGV, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGUSR2
  sigaction(SIGUSR2, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGPIPE
  sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGALRM
  sigaction(SIGALRM, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGTERM
  sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGSTKFLT
  sigaction(SIGSTKFLT, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGCLD
  sigaction(SIGCLD, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGCHLD
  sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGCONT
  sigaction(SIGCONT, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGTSTP
  sigaction(SIGTSTP, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGTTIN
  sigaction(SIGTTIN, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGTTOU
  sigaction(SIGTTOU, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGURG
  sigaction(SIGURG, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGXCPU
  sigaction(SIGXCPU, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGXFSZ
  sigaction(SIGXFSZ, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGVTALRM
  sigaction(SIGVTALRM, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGPROF
  sigaction(SIGPROF, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGWINCH
  sigaction(SIGWINCH, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGPOLL
  sigaction(SIGPOLL, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGIO
  sigaction(SIGIO, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGPWR
  sigaction(SIGPWR, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGSYS
  sigaction(SIGSYS, &act, 0);
#endif
#ifdef SIGUNUSED
  sigaction(SIGUNUSED, &act, 0);
#endif
}