bhopscotch_set.h

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/**
 * MIT License
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2017 Tessil
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
#ifndef TSL_BHOPSCOTCH_SET_H
#define TSL_BHOPSCOTCH_SET_H
 
#include "hopscotch_hash.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
 
namespace tsl {
 
  /**
   * Similar to tsl::hopscotch_set but instead of using a list for overflowing elements it uses
   * a binary search tree. It thus needs an additional template parameter Compare. Compare should
   * be arithmetically coherent with KeyEqual.
   *
   * The binary search tree allows the set to have a worst-case scenario of O(log n) for search
   * and delete, even if the hash function maps all the elements to the same bucket.
   * For insert, the amortized worst case is O(log n), but the worst case is O(n) in case of rehash.
   *
   * This makes the set resistant to DoS attacks (but doesn't preclude you to have a good hash
   * function, as an element in the bucket array is faster to retrieve than in the tree).
   *
   * @copydoc hopscotch_set
   */
  template <class Key, class Hash = std::hash<Key>, class KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,
            class Compare = std::less<Key>, class Allocator = std::allocator<Key>,
            unsigned int NeighborhoodSize = 62, bool StoreHash = false,
            class GrowthPolicy = tsl::hh::power_of_two_growth_policy<2>>
  class bhopscotch_set
  {
  private:
    template <typename U>
    using has_is_transparent = tsl::detail_hopscotch_hash::has_is_transparent<U>;
 
    class KeySelect
    {
    public:
      using key_type = Key;
 
      const key_type &operator()(const Key &key) const { return key; }
 
      key_type &operator()(Key &key) { return key; }
    };
 
    using overflow_container_type = std::set<Key, Compare, Allocator>;
    using ht = tsl::detail_hopscotch_hash::hopscotch_hash<Key, KeySelect, void, Hash, KeyEqual,
                                                          Allocator, NeighborhoodSize, StoreHash,
                                                          GrowthPolicy, overflow_container_type>;
 
  public:
    using key_type        = typename ht::key_type;
    using value_type      = typename ht::value_type;
    using size_type       = typename ht::size_type;
    using difference_type = typename ht::difference_type;
    using hasher          = typename ht::hasher;
    using key_equal       = typename ht::key_equal;
    using key_compare     = Compare;
    using allocator_type  = typename ht::allocator_type;
    using reference       = typename ht::reference;
    using const_reference = typename ht::const_reference;
    using pointer         = typename ht::pointer;
    using const_pointer   = typename ht::const_pointer;
    using iterator        = typename ht::iterator;
    using const_iterator  = typename ht::const_iterator;
 
    /*
     * Constructors
     */
    bhopscotch_set() : bhopscotch_set(ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE) {}
 
    explicit bhopscotch_set(size_type bucket_count, const Hash &hash = Hash(),
                            const KeyEqual & equal = KeyEqual(),
                            const Allocator &alloc = Allocator(), const Compare &comp = Compare())
        : m_ht(bucket_count, hash, equal, alloc, ht::DEFAULT_MAX_LOAD_FACTOR, comp)
    {
    }
 
    bhopscotch_set(size_type bucket_count, const Allocator &alloc)
        : bhopscotch_set(bucket_count, Hash(), KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }
 
    bhopscotch_set(size_type bucket_count, const Hash &hash, const Allocator &alloc)
        : bhopscotch_set(bucket_count, hash, KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }
 
    explicit bhopscotch_set(const Allocator &alloc)
        : bhopscotch_set(ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE, alloc)
    {
    }
 
    template <class InputIt>
    bhopscotch_set(InputIt first, InputIt last,
                   size_type   bucket_count = ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE,
                   const Hash &hash = Hash(), const KeyEqual &equal = KeyEqual(),
                   const Allocator &alloc = Allocator())
        : bhopscotch_set(bucket_count, hash, equal, alloc)
    {
      insert(first, last);
    }
 
    template <class InputIt>
    bhopscotch_set(InputIt first, InputIt last, size_type bucket_count, const Allocator &alloc)
        : bhopscotch_set(first, last, bucket_count, Hash(), KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }
 
    template <class InputIt>
    bhopscotch_set(InputIt first, InputIt last, size_type bucket_count, const Hash &hash,
                   const Allocator &alloc)
        : bhopscotch_set(first, last, bucket_count, hash, KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }
 
    bhopscotch_set(std::initializer_list<value_type> init,
                   size_type                         bucket_count = ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE,
                   const Hash &hash = Hash(), const KeyEqual &equal = KeyEqual(),
                   const Allocator &alloc = Allocator())
        : bhopscotch_set(init.begin(), init.end(), bucket_count, hash, equal, alloc)
    {
    }
 
    bhopscotch_set(std::initializer_list<value_type> init, size_type bucket_count,
                   const Allocator &alloc)
        : bhopscotch_set(init.begin(), init.end(), bucket_count, Hash(), KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }
 
    bhopscotch_set(std::initializer_list<value_type> init, size_type bucket_count, const Hash &hash,
                   const Allocator &alloc)
        : bhopscotch_set(init.begin(), init.end(), bucket_count, hash, KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }
 
    bhopscotch_set &operator=(std::initializer_list<value_type> ilist)
    {
      m_ht.clear();
 
      m_ht.reserve(ilist.size());
      m_ht.insert(ilist.begin(), ilist.end());
 
      return *this;
    }
 
    allocator_type get_allocator() const { return m_ht.get_allocator(); }
 
    /*
     * Iterators
     */
    iterator       begin() noexcept { return m_ht.begin(); }
    const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return m_ht.begin(); }
    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return m_ht.cbegin(); }
 
    iterator       end() noexcept { return m_ht.end(); }
    const_iterator end() const noexcept { return m_ht.end(); }
    const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return m_ht.cend(); }
 
    /*
     * Capacity
     */
    bool      empty() const noexcept { return m_ht.empty(); }
    size_type size() const noexcept { return m_ht.size(); }
    size_type max_size() const noexcept { return m_ht.max_size(); }
 
    /*
     * Modifiers
     */
    void clear() noexcept { m_ht.clear(); }
 
    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type &value) { return m_ht.insert(value); }
    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(value_type &&value) { return m_ht.insert(std::move(value)); }
 
    iterator insert(const_iterator hint, const value_type &value)
    {
      return m_ht.insert(hint, value);
    }
    iterator insert(const_iterator hint, value_type &&value)
    {
      return m_ht.insert(hint, std::move(value));
    }
 
    template <class InputIt> void insert(InputIt first, InputIt last) { m_ht.insert(first, last); }
    void                          insert(std::initializer_list<value_type> ilist)
    {
      m_ht.insert(ilist.begin(), ilist.end());
    }
 
    /**
     * Due to the way elements are stored, emplace will need to move or copy the key-value once.
     * The method is equivalent to insert(value_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
     *
     * Mainly here for compatibility with the std::unordered_map interface.
     */
    template <class... Args> std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args &&... args)
    {
      return m_ht.emplace(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
 
    /**
     * Due to the way elements are stored, emplace_hint will need to move or copy the key-value
     * once. The method is equivalent to insert(hint, value_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
     *
     * Mainly here for compatibility with the std::unordered_map interface.
     */
    template <class... Args> iterator emplace_hint(const_iterator hint, Args &&... args)
    {
      return m_ht.emplace_hint(hint, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
 
    iterator  erase(iterator pos) { return m_ht.erase(pos); }
    iterator  erase(const_iterator pos) { return m_ht.erase(pos); }
    iterator  erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last) { return m_ht.erase(first, last); }
    size_type erase(const key_type &key) { return m_ht.erase(key); }
 
    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup to the value if you already
     * have the hash.
     */
    size_type erase(const key_type &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
    {
      return m_ht.erase(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef
     * KeyEqual::is_transparent and Compare::is_transparent exist. If so, K must be hashable and
     * comparable to Key.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    size_type erase(const K &key)
    {
      return m_ht.erase(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc erase(const K& key)
     *
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup to the value if you already
     * have the hash.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    size_type erase(const K &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
    {
      return m_ht.erase(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    void swap(bhopscotch_set &other) { other.m_ht.swap(m_ht); }
 
    /*
     * Lookup
     */
    size_type count(const Key &key) const { return m_ht.count(key); }
 
    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    size_type count(const Key &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.count(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef
     * KeyEqual::is_transparent and Compare::is_transparent exist. If so, K must be hashable and
     * comparable to Key.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    size_type count(const K &key) const
    {
      return m_ht.count(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc count(const K& key) const
     *
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    size_type count(const K &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.count(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    iterator find(const Key &key) { return m_ht.find(key); }
 
    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    iterator find(const Key &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
    {
      return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    const_iterator find(const Key &key) const { return m_ht.find(key); }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc find(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    const_iterator find(const Key &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef
     * KeyEqual::is_transparent and Compare::is_transparent exist. If so, K must be hashable and
     * comparable to Key.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    iterator find(const K &key)
    {
      return m_ht.find(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc find(const K& key)
     *
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    iterator find(const K &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
    {
      return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc find(const K& key)
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    const_iterator find(const K &key) const
    {
      return m_ht.find(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc find(const K& key)
     *
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    const_iterator find(const K &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    bool contains(const Key &key) const { return m_ht.contains(key); }
 
    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    bool contains(const Key &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.contains(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef
     * KeyEqual::is_transparent exists. If so, K must be hashable and comparable to Key.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    bool contains(const K &key) const
    {
      return m_ht.contains(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc contains(const K& key) const
     *
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    bool contains(const K &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.contains(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const Key &key) { return m_ht.equal_range(key); }
 
    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const Key &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
    {
      return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const Key &key) const
    {
      return m_ht.equal_range(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const Key & key,
                                                          std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef
     * KeyEqual::is_transparent and Compare::is_transparent exist. If so, K must be hashable and
     * comparable to Key.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const K &key)
    {
      return m_ht.equal_range(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const K& key)
     *
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be
     * the same as hash_function()(key). Useful to speed-up the lookup if you already have the
     * hash.
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const K &key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
    {
      return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const K& key)
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const K &key) const
    {
      return m_ht.equal_range(key);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    template <class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
              typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value &&
                                      has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type * = nullptr>
    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const K &   key,
                                                          std::size_t precalculated_hash) const
    {
      return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }
 
    /*
     * Bucket interface
     */
    size_type bucket_count() const { return m_ht.bucket_count(); }
    size_type max_bucket_count() const { return m_ht.max_bucket_count(); }
 
    /*
     *  Hash policy
     */
    float load_factor() const { return m_ht.load_factor(); }
    float max_load_factor() const { return m_ht.max_load_factor(); }
    void  max_load_factor(float ml) { m_ht.max_load_factor(ml); }
 
    void rehash(size_type count_) { m_ht.rehash(count_); }
    void reserve(size_type count_) { m_ht.reserve(count_); }
 
    /*
     * Observers
     */
    hasher      hash_function() const { return m_ht.hash_function(); }
    key_equal   key_eq() const { return m_ht.key_eq(); }
    key_compare key_comp() const { return m_ht.key_comp(); }
 
    /*
     * Other
     */
 
    /**
     * Convert a const_iterator to an iterator.
     */
    iterator mutable_iterator(const_iterator pos) { return m_ht.mutable_iterator(pos); }
 
    size_type overflow_size() const noexcept { return m_ht.overflow_size(); }
 
    friend bool operator==(const bhopscotch_set &lhs, const bhopscotch_set &rhs)
    {
      if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) {
        return false;
      }
 
      for (const auto &element_lhs : lhs) {
        const auto it_element_rhs = rhs.find(element_lhs);
        if (it_element_rhs == rhs.cend()) {
          return false;
        }
      }
 
      return true;
    }
 
    friend bool operator!=(const bhopscotch_set &lhs, const bhopscotch_set &rhs)
    {
      return !operator==(lhs, rhs);
    }
 
    friend void swap(bhopscotch_set &lhs, bhopscotch_set &rhs) { lhs.swap(rhs); }
 
  private:
    ht m_ht;
  };
 
  /**
   * Same as `tsl::bhopscotch_set<Key, Hash, KeyEqual, Compare, Allocator, NeighborhoodSize,
   * StoreHash, tsl::hh::prime_growth_policy>`.
   */
  template <class Key, class Hash = std::hash<Key>, class KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,
            class Compare = std::less<Key>, class Allocator = std::allocator<Key>,
            unsigned int NeighborhoodSize = 62, bool StoreHash = false>
  using bhopscotch_pg_set =
      bhopscotch_set<Key, Hash, KeyEqual, Compare, Allocator, NeighborhoodSize, StoreHash,
                     tsl::hh::prime_growth_policy>;
 
} // end namespace tsl
 
#endif