#region Copyright notice and license
// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#endregion

using System;
using System.Buffers;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Google.Protobuf.Buffers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a heap-based, array-backed output sink into which <typeparam name="T"/> data can be written.
    /// 
    /// ArrayBufferWriter is originally from corefx, and has been contributed to Protobuf
    /// https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/071da4c41aa808c949a773b92dca6f88de9d11f3/src/libraries/Common/src/System/Buffers/ArrayBufferWriter.cs
    /// </summary>
    internal sealed class ArrayBufferWriter<T> : IBufferWriter<T>
    {
        private T[] _buffer;
        private int _index;

        private const int DefaultInitialBufferSize = 256;

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates an instance of an <see cref="ArrayBufferWriter{T}"/>, in which data can be written to,
        /// with the default initial capacity.
        /// </summary>
        public ArrayBufferWriter()
        {
            _buffer = new T[0];
            _index = 0;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Userful for testing writing to buffer writer with a lot of small segments.
        /// If set, it limits the max number of bytes by which the buffer grows by at once.
        /// </summary>
        public int? MaxGrowBy { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates an instance of an <see cref="ArrayBufferWriter{T}"/>, in which data can be written to,
        /// with an initial capacity specified.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="initialCapacity">The minimum capacity with which to initialize the underlying buffer.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">
        /// Thrown when <paramref name="initialCapacity"/> is not positive (i.e. less than or equal to 0).
        /// </exception>
        public ArrayBufferWriter(int initialCapacity)
        {
            if (initialCapacity <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(initialCapacity));

            _buffer = new T[initialCapacity];
            _index = 0;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the data written to the underlying buffer so far, as a <see cref="ReadOnlyMemory{T}"/>.
        /// </summary>
        public ReadOnlyMemory<T> WrittenMemory => _buffer.AsMemory(0, _index);

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the data written to the underlying buffer so far, as a <see cref="ReadOnlySpan{T}"/>.
        /// </summary>
        public ReadOnlySpan<T> WrittenSpan => _buffer.AsSpan(0, _index);

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the amount of data written to the underlying buffer so far.
        /// </summary>
        public int WrittenCount => _index;

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the total amount of space within the underlying buffer.
        /// </summary>
        public int Capacity => _buffer.Length;

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the amount of space available that can still be written into without forcing the underlying buffer to grow.
        /// </summary>
        public int FreeCapacity => _buffer.Length - _index;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clears the data written to the underlying buffer.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// You must clear the <see cref="ArrayBufferWriter{T}"/> before trying to re-use it.
        /// </remarks>
        public void Clear()
        {
            Debug.Assert(_buffer.Length >= _index);
            _buffer.AsSpan(0, _index).Clear();
            _index = 0;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Notifies <see cref="IBufferWriter{T}"/> that <paramref name="count"/> amount of data was written to the output <see cref="Span{T}"/>/<see cref="Memory{T}"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">
        /// Thrown when <paramref name="count"/> is negative.
        /// </exception>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">
        /// Thrown when attempting to advance past the end of the underlying buffer.
        /// </exception>
        /// <remarks>
        /// You must request a new buffer after calling Advance to continue writing more data and cannot write to a previously acquired buffer.
        /// </remarks>
        public void Advance(int count)
        {
            if (count < 0)
                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(count));

            if (_index > _buffer.Length - count)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Advanced past capacity.");

            _index += count;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a <see cref="Memory{T}"/> to write to that is at least the requested length (specified by <paramref name="sizeHint"/>).
        /// If no <paramref name="sizeHint"/> is provided (or it's equal to <code>0</code>), some non-empty buffer is returned.
        /// </summary>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">
        /// Thrown when <paramref name="sizeHint"/> is negative.
        /// </exception>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This will never return an empty <see cref="Memory{T}"/>.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <remarks>
        /// There is no guarantee that successive calls will return the same buffer or the same-sized buffer.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <remarks>
        /// You must request a new buffer after calling Advance to continue writing more data and cannot write to a previously acquired buffer.
        /// </remarks>
        public Memory<T> GetMemory(int sizeHint = 0)
        {
            CheckAndResizeBuffer(sizeHint);
            Debug.Assert(_buffer.Length > _index);
            return _buffer.AsMemory(_index);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a <see cref="Span{T}"/> to write to that is at least the requested length (specified by <paramref name="sizeHint"/>).
        /// If no <paramref name="sizeHint"/> is provided (or it's equal to <code>0</code>), some non-empty buffer is returned.
        /// </summary>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">
        /// Thrown when <paramref name="sizeHint"/> is negative.
        /// </exception>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This will never return an empty <see cref="Span{T}"/>.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <remarks>
        /// There is no guarantee that successive calls will return the same buffer or the same-sized buffer.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <remarks>
        /// You must request a new buffer after calling Advance to continue writing more data and cannot write to a previously acquired buffer.
        /// </remarks>
        public Span<T> GetSpan(int sizeHint = 0)
        {
            CheckAndResizeBuffer(sizeHint);
            Debug.Assert(_buffer.Length > _index);
            return _buffer.AsSpan(_index);
        }

        private void CheckAndResizeBuffer(int sizeHint)
        {
            if (sizeHint < 0)
                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(sizeHint));

            if (sizeHint == 0)
            {
                sizeHint = 1;
            }

            if (sizeHint > FreeCapacity)
            {
                int growBy = Math.Max(sizeHint, _buffer.Length);

                if (_buffer.Length == 0)
                {
                    growBy = Math.Max(growBy, DefaultInitialBufferSize);
                }

                // enable tests that write to small buffer segments
                if (MaxGrowBy.HasValue && growBy > MaxGrowBy.Value)
                {
                    growBy = MaxGrowBy.Value;
                }

                int newSize = checked(_buffer.Length + growBy);

                Array.Resize(ref _buffer, newSize);
            }

            Debug.Assert(FreeCapacity > 0 && FreeCapacity >= sizeHint);
        }
    }
}