Skip to content

GitLab

Commit f8c4efe7 authored by Jeff Webb's avatar Jeff Webb
Browse files

Updated artificial airway compliance and resistance change with intubation to... 

Updated artificial airway compliance and resistance change with intubation to positive presure ventilation with specific airway modes.
Updated anesthesia machine scenarios for better tidal volumes.
Updated new COVID-19 showcase scenario - still more to do.
parent e8a02df0
Hide whitespace changes
Inline Side-by-side
data/config/ScenarioVerification.config
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ equipment/AnesthesiaMachineSodaLimeFailureVaried.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/AnesthesiaMachineVaporizerFailureVaried.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/AnesthesiaMachineVentilatorPressureLossVaried.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/AnesthesiaMachineYpieceDisconnectVaried.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/ArtificialAirway.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/PositivePressureVentilation.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/EsophagealIntubation.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/InhalerOneActuation.json = ScenarioTest
equipment/InhalerOneActuationWithSpacer.json = ScenarioTest
......@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ showcase/CombatMultitrauma.json = ScenarioTest
showcase/AsthmaAttack.json = ScenarioTest
showcase/EnvironmentExposure.json = ScenarioTest
showcase/HeatStroke.json = ScenarioTest
#showcase/COVID19Ventilation.json = ScenarioTest
showcase/COVID19Ventilation.json = ScenarioTest
@group Miscellaneous
#miscellaneous/12hrFast.json = ScenarioTest
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/combined/Cynthia.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 5,
"Value": 8,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/combined/Gus.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -528,14 +528,14 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 5,
"Value": 1,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
"PrimaryGas": "Nitrogen",
"RespiratoryRate": {
"ScalarFrequency": {
"Value": 16.0,
"Value": 10.0,
"Unit": "1/min"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineExpiratoryValveLeakVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineExpiratoryValveObstructionVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineInspiratoryValveLeakVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineInspiratoryValveObstructionVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineMaskLeakVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6.0,
"Value": 18.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineOxygenTankPressureLoss.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "BottleOne",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineOxygenWallPressureLoss.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineSodaLimeFailureVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineVentilatorPressureLossVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/AnesthesiaMachineYpieceDisconnectVaried.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/EsophagealIntubation.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/MainstemIntubation.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
"OxygenSource": "Wall",
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 1.0,
"Value": 8.0,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
},
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": {
"ScalarPressure": {
"Value": 6,
"Value": 18,
"Unit": "cmH2O"
}
},
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/ArtificialAirway.json → data/human/adult/scenarios/equipment/PositivePressureVentilation.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@
[
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" }}}},
{ "PatientAction": { "Intubation": { "Type": "Tracheal" } } },
{ "PatientAction": {
"MechanicalVentilation": {
"State": "On",
"Pressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 0.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } } } }
},
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" }}}},
{ "PatientAction": { "ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDiseaseExacerbation":
{
......
data/human/adult/scenarios/showcase/COVID19Ventilation.json
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -32,46 +32,46 @@
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 1 }, "Category": "LiquidCompartment", "CompartmentName": "Aorta", "SubstanceName": "Oxygen", "PropertyName": "PartialPressure", "Unit": "mmHg" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 1 }, "Category": "LiquidCompartment", "CompartmentName": "Aorta", "SubstanceName": "CarbonDioxide", "PropertyName": "PartialPressure", "Unit": "mmHg" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 2 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "InspiratoryExpiratoryRatio", "Unit": "unitless" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "ExpiratoryFlow", "Unit": "L/s" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "InspiratoryFlow", "Unit": "L/s" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "PulmonaryCompliance", "Unit": "L/cmH2O" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "InspiratoryPulmonaryResistance", "Unit": "cmH2O s/L" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "ExpiratoryPulmonaryResistance", "Unit": "cmH2O s/L" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "CarricoIndex", "Unit": "mmHg" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "TransthoracicPressure", "Unit": "cmH2O" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 3 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "ShuntFraction", "Unit": "unitless" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "AlveolarArterialGradient", "Unit": "mmHg" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "TotalPulmonaryVentilation", "Unit": "L/min" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 3 }, "Category": "Patient", "PropertyName": "AlveoliSurfaceArea", "Unit": "m^2" }
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 2 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "InspiratoryExpiratoryRatio", "Unit": "unitless" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "ExpiratoryFlow", "Unit": "L/s" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "InspiratoryFlow", "Unit": "L/s" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "PulmonaryCompliance", "Unit": "L/cmH2O" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "InspiratoryPulmonaryResistance", "Unit": "cmH2O s/L" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "ExpiratoryPulmonaryResistance", "Unit": "cmH2O s/L" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "CarricoIndex", "Unit": "mmHg" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "TransthoracicPressure", "Unit": "cmH2O" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 3 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "ShuntFraction", "Unit": "unitless" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "AlveolarArterialGradient", "Unit": "mmHg" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 4 }, "Category": "Physiology", "PropertyName": "TotalPulmonaryVentilation", "Unit": "L/min" },
{ "DecimalFormat": { "Precision": 3 }, "Category": "Patient", "PropertyName": "AlveoliSurfaceArea", "Unit": "m^2" }
]
},
"AnyAction":
[
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "SEGMENT 0" }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "PatientAction": { "SupplementalOxygen": { "Device": "NasalCannula" } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 10.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 3.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "SEGMENT 1: Time Jump 1 Day Begin..." }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 0.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
{ "PatientAction": { "AcuteRespiratoryDistressSyndromeExacerbation":
{
"Severity": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 0.9 }},
"LeftLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }},
"RightLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }}
}}
},
{
"PatientAction": { "Action": { "Comment": "Deterioration to Severe ARDS" } },
"Severity": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 0.9 }},
"LeftLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }},
"RightLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }}
}
} },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 5.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 3.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "PatientAction": { "SupplementalOxygen": { "Device": "None" } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "...Time Jump 1 Day End" }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 0.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 30.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
{ "PatientAction": { "SupplementalOxygen": { "Device": "None" } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 30.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
......@@ -114,17 +114,17 @@
}
},
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "SEGMENT 2" }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "PatientAction": { "Intubation": { "Type": "Tracheal" } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{
"EquipmentAction": {
"MechanicalVentilatorConfiguration": {
"MechanicalVentilatorAction": { "EquipmentAction": { "Action": {
"Comment": "Attach the mechanical ventilator" }}},
"Comment": "Adjust ventilator settings" }}},
"Configuration":
{
"BreathProfile": {
......@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@
"Connection": "Tube",
"Control": "PC_CMV",
"DriverWaveform": "Square",
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 32.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 15.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 30.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 12.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"FractionInspiredGas": [
{ "Name": "Oxygen", "Amount": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 0.9995, "Unit": "" } } }
]
......@@ -146,21 +146,26 @@
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 5.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "SEGMENT 3: Time Jump 2 Days Begin..." }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 0.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
{ "PatientAction": { "AcuteRespiratoryDistressSyndromeExacerbation":
{
"Severity": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 0.6 }},
"LeftLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }},
"RightLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }}
}}
},
{
"PatientAction": { "Action": { "Comment": "Improved to Moderate ARDS" } },
"Severity": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 0.6 }},
"LeftLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }},
"RightLungAffected": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 1.0 }}
}
} },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 5.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "... Time Jump 2 Days End" }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 0.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
{
"EquipmentAction": {
"MechanicalVentilatorConfiguration": {
"MechanicalVentilatorAction": { "EquipmentAction": { "Action": {
"Comment": "Attach the mechanical ventilator" }}},
"Comment": "Adjust ventilator settings" }}},
"Configuration":
{
"BreathProfile": {
......@@ -170,8 +175,8 @@
"Connection": "Tube",
"Control": "PC_CMV",
"DriverWaveform": "Square",
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 25.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 10.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 22.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 8.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"FractionInspiredGas": [
{ "Name": "Oxygen", "Amount": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 0.5, "Unit": "" } } }
]
......@@ -180,7 +185,9 @@
}
},
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 5.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 5.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "SEGMENT 4: Time Jump 2 Days Begin..." }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 0.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
{ "PatientAction": { "AcuteRespiratoryDistressSyndromeExacerbation":
{
......@@ -190,13 +197,15 @@
}}
},
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 5.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 1.0, "Unit": "min" } } } },
{ "AdvanceTime": { "Action": { "Comment": "... Time Jump 2 Days End" }, "Time": { "ScalarTime": { "Value": 0.0, "Unit": "s" } } } },
{
"EquipmentAction": {
"MechanicalVentilatorConfiguration": {
"MechanicalVentilatorAction": { "EquipmentAction": { "Action": {
"Comment": "Attach the mechanical ventilator" }}},
"Comment": "Adjust ventilator settings" }}},
"Configuration":
{
"BreathProfile": {
......@@ -206,7 +215,7 @@
"Connection": "Tube",
"Control": "PC_CMV",
"DriverWaveform": "Square",
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 20.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PeakInspiratoryPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 18.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"PositiveEndExpiredPressure": { "ScalarPressure": { "Value": 8.0, "Unit": "cmH2O" } },
"FractionInspiredGas": [
{ "Name": "Oxygen", "Amount": { "Scalar0To1": { "Value": 0.25, "Unit": "" } } }
......
src/cpp/cpm/physiology/Respiratory.cpp
View file @ f8c4efe7
......@@ -2388,8 +2388,10 @@ void Respiratory::UpdateResistances()
double esophagusResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L = m_MouthToStomach->GetNextResistance(PressureTimePerVolumeUnit::cmH2O_s_Per_L);
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Artificial Airway
if (m_data.GetIntubation() == eSwitch::On)
//Positive Pressure Ventilation
if (m_data.GetAirwayMode() == eAirwayMode::AnesthesiaMachine ||
m_data.GetAirwayMode() == eAirwayMode::MechanicalVentilation ||
m_data.GetAirwayMode() == eAirwayMode::MechanicalVentilator)
{
tracheaResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L *= 8.0;
}
......@@ -2555,8 +2557,10 @@ void Respiratory::UpdateAlveolarCompliances()
double leftAlveoliCompliance_L_Per_cmH2O = m_LeftAlveoliToLeftPleuralConnection->GetNextCompliance(VolumePerPressureUnit::L_Per_cmH2O);
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Artificial Airway
if (m_data.GetIntubation() == eSwitch::On)
//Positive Pressure Ventilation
if (m_data.GetAirwayMode() == eAirwayMode::AnesthesiaMachine ||
m_data.GetAirwayMode() == eAirwayMode::MechanicalVentilation ||
m_data.GetAirwayMode() == eAirwayMode::MechanicalVentilator)
{
rightAlveoliCompliance_L_Per_cmH2O *= 0.4;
leftAlveoliCompliance_L_Per_cmH2O *= 0.4;
......
Supports Markdown
0% or .
You are about to add 0 people to the discussion. Proceed with caution.
Finish editing this message first!
Please register or to comment