The hemorrhage action is further tested using several scenarios:

@secreflist
  @refitem HemorrhageClass1Femoral "Class 1 Hemorrhage from the Femoral Artery Validation"
  @refitem HemorrhageClass2Brachial "Class 2 Hemorrhage from the Brachial Artery Validation"
  @refitem HemorrhageClass2Blood "Class 2 Hemorrhage with Whole Blood Administration Validation"
  @refitem HemorrhageClass2Saline "Class 2 Hemorrhage with Saline Administration Validation"
  @refitem HemorrhageClass2InternalSpleen "Class 2 Hemorrhage Internally from the Spleen Validation"
  @refitem HemorrhageClass3NoFluid "Class 3 Hemorrhage Validation"
  @refitem HemorrhageClass3PackedRedBloodCells "Class 3 Hemorrhage with Packed Red Blood Cells Administration Validation"
  @refitem HemorrhageClass4NoFluid "Class 4 Hemorrhage Validation"
@endsecreflist

The class 2 hemorrhage scenario with blood intravenous (IV) administration begins with a healthy patient. After a few seconds, a hemorrhage action is initiated at a rate of 250 milliliters (mL) per minute. The hemorrhage continues for four minutes before the bleeding rate is reduced to 0 mL per minute. After two minutes, 500 mL of IV blood is administered intravenously over five minutes. The other hemorrhage scenarios are similar but with different subsequent interventions. There are also two multi-compartment hemorrhage scenarios.

The results show decreases in the systolic pressure and minor increases in the diastolic pressure during the course of the hemorrhage. In response to the decreasing arterial pressures, the baroreceptor response raises the heart rate. The blood volume and hemoglobin content were validated through direct calculation by decreasing blood volume by the bleeding rate multiplied by the time. There is a difference between the computed and simulated blood volume post-hemorrhage due to fluid shift between the intravascular and extravascular space. This shift is evident in the period between cessation of hemorrhage and the start of the infusion (top-left panel of Figure 12).

Following the completion of the hemorrhage, intravenous blood is administered. There will be an increase in hemoglobin content directly proportional to the amount of blood added from the IV. This value was calculated directly from the known blood volume in the IV bag and hemoglobin concentration of the blood.
