The Ultimate Guide to Animals Sound: How to Identify and Imitate Them
Certain words in the English language represent animal sounds: the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication. The words can be used as verbs or interjections in addition to nouns, and many of them are also specifically onomatopoeic.
Listen to the voices of eight favorite zoo animals when the puzzle pieces are correctly placed in the puzzle board! Each animal piece has a matching full-color picture beneath. Eye- and ear-catching puzzle enhances matching and listening skills. (TIP: Puzzle has light-activated sensors; for best results, expose the sensor by removing a piece in a brightly lit room, then make the sound play by replacing the piece in the board.)
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Reporting the frequency range for hearing in dogs and other species isnot a straightforward task - the "how" of determining hearingfrequency ranges must first be explained. Testing in animals differs fromthe method commonly used with humans of voluntarily reporting if a soundis heard. When determining the frequency range in animals, an investigatorusually must first train the animal to respond to a presented sound stimulusby selecting between two actions using rewards. Often this response is totry to drink or eat from one of two dispensers when a sound is heard. Thesounds are randomly presented from one side or the other, and the subjectmust select the right dispenser (on the same side as the stimulus) to getthe reward; otherwise no food or drink is dispensed. This is done with theanimal hungry or thirsty to motivate responding. Stimuli are different puretones at varied frequencies (units of Hertz [Hz] - or kilohertz [kHz]) andat different loudness intensities (units of decibels [dB] - a logarithmicmeasure). The investigator then plots the responses on an audiogram, a graphof the softest intensity at which the subject was able to detect a specific.The plot of responses is a bowl-shaped curve, steeper on the high frequencyend. A series of five typical audiograms for different dogs (Canis canis)is shown in the figure below. (right click image to see it more clearly) These audiograms are from a book compiling thousands of published referencesinto a single difficult to find source (Fay, 1988). This particular audiogramcompiles data on the dog from two published sources: one reporting an averagefrom 11 dogs of unspecified breeds (Lipman & Grassi, 1942) and one reportingresults from single dogs of four breeds (Heffner, 1983). Frequency is displayedon a logarithmic scale from 10 Hz to 100,000 Hz (100 kHz), while stimulusintensity is displayed (in dB sound pressure level) from -30 to 80 dB. Curve1 was from the Lipman study, while curve 2 (Poodle), curve 3 (Dachshund),curve 4 (Saint Bernard) and curve 5 (Chihuahua) were from the Heffner study.In general, dogs had slightly greater sound sensitivity (detected lowerintensity sounds) than humans, and cats had greater sensitivity than dogs,indicated by how low on the y-axis points were located.
Each happy farm animal "sounds off" in its own voice when its animal puzzle piece is placed correctly in this eight-piece wooden peg puzzle! Your child will enjoy hearing all eight sounds and looking at the full-color, matching pictures under the pieces, while developing matching and listening skills with this captivating multisensory puzzle.
Sound is an important source of information for animals living in the marine environment and all vertebrates, and many invertebrates, have evolved sensory mechanisms for detecting, localizing, and interpreting many of these sounds. The hearing system of vertebrates first arose in fishes, and this group of animals has two independent but related sensory systems to detect sound. The primary system is the auditory system (the inner ear), but detection also involves, to a lesser extent, the mechanosensory lateral line system, which is generally used to detect vibration and water flow.
One interesting question is why hearing evolved in fishes. While we often think of sound and hearing as important for communication, it is likely that hearing evolved well before animals could produce sounds to communicate. Instead, it is likely that hearing evolved to help animals use environmental sounds (e.g. waves, rain, underwater geological events, and even sounds from other animals) to learn about their environment.
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While the other senses no doubt were also found in primitive fishes, detection of sound provided invaluable added information that helped fishes to survive and thrive. In considering all of the sensory abilities an animal has, it becomes apparent that each sense provides a particular type of information and thus has special roles that enable an animal to survive and thrive in its environment. For example, chemical signals provide information about the presence of other animals or materials in the environment through the odors they emit. However, chemical signals do not provide very good directional information and work best when the receiving animal is very close to the chemical source. Similarly, touch is very useful when the animal is very close to a stimulus, but not when animals are apart. Vision provides information about objects at greater distances, but it only works if an animal is looking at the object, and it does not work well in low light environments or at night.
Whether the re-transmitted stimulus from the swim bladder enhances hearing depends on the physical relationship between the swim bladder and inner ear. It appears that species lacking a swim bladder (e.g., elasmobranchs and flatfishes) are not particular sensitive to sounds and have a narrow hearing bandwidth because they because they do not have any way to detect the sound other than through the inner ear itself.
In contrast, the swim bladder enhances hearing in those species that have structural modifications that help conduct the sound from the swim bladder to the ear. For example, in the otophysan fishes (e.g., the carps, minnows, catfishes, and characins), the swim bladder is mechanically linked to the inner ears via the Weberian ossicles, a series of modified bones of the vertebral column (the first few vertebrae of the backbone). The Weberian ossicles are thought to move in response to sound stimuli that cause movements of the wall of the swim bladder and generally improve hearing sensitivity. For instance, goldfish hear up to 3 kHz with best hearing from 500-800Hz.
In other species, the swim bladder may extend forward so that it comes near to, or actually contacts, the inner ear. This is found in species as diverse as some squirrelfishes, some butterflyfishes, and in the Atlantic cod. In these cases, when the re-transmitted sound from the swim bladder has to go only a very short distance, and so it is more likely to stimulate the inner ear. Many of these species can hear sounds above 1 kHz, and some, like squirrelfish, can hear as well as the goldfish and other otophysans.
Finally, fishes that do not have swim bladder extensions that bring the structure near the ear (e.g., oyster toadfish, tuna, Atlantic salmon) tend to have relatively poor auditory sensitivity, and generally cannot hear sounds at frequencies above 1 kHz. In these species, the re-transmitted stimulus from the swim bladder has little or no impact on hearing capabilities.
One of the most interesting examples of a structural modification that enhances hearing is found in the clupeiform fishes (e.g., herrings, shads, sardines, anchovies). These fishes have a pair of elongated gas-filled ducts that extend from the swim bladder and enter the skull. Each duct ends in a small bubble of compressible gas that comes in contact with a region of the inner ear, the utricle. The presence of a gas bubble in close proximity to the utricle enhances the ability of the swim bladder to stimulate the ear and thus increases hearing sensitivity to a wide range of frequencies. Most clupeids can detect sounds up to 3-4 kHz, which is