/*=========================================================================

  Program:   Visualization Toolkit
  Module:    vtkFrustumCoverageCuller.cxx

  Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
  All rights reserved.
  See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
#include "vtkFrustumCoverageCuller.h"

#include "vtkCamera.h"
#include "vtkMath.h"
#include "vtkObjectFactory.h"
#include "vtkProp.h"
#include "vtkRenderer.h"

vtkStandardNewMacro(vtkFrustumCoverageCuller);

// Create a frustum coverage culler with default values
vtkFrustumCoverageCuller::vtkFrustumCoverageCuller()
{
  this->MinimumCoverage = 0.0;
  this->MaximumCoverage = 1.0;
  this->SortingStyle    = VTK_CULLER_SORT_NONE;
}

// The coverage is computed for each prop, and a resulting allocated
// render time is computed. This is multiplied by the current allocated
// render time of the prop. After this, props with no allocated time are
// removed from the list (and the list length is shortened) to make sure
// that they are not considered again by another culler or for rendering.
double vtkFrustumCoverageCuller::Cull( vtkRenderer *ren, 
                                      vtkProp **propList,
                                      int& listLength,
                                      int& initialized )
{
  vtkProp            *prop;
  double               total_time;
  double             *bounds, center[3];
  double               radius = 0.0;
  double              planes[24], d;
  double               coverage, screen_bounds[4];
  double               previous_time;
  int                 i, propLoop;
  double               full_w, full_h, part_w, part_h;
  double               *allocatedTimeList;
  double               *distanceList;
  int                 index1, index2;
  double               tmp;

  // We will create a center distance entry for each prop in the list
  // If SortingStyle is set to BackToFront or FrontToBack we will then
  // sort the props that have a non-zero AllocatedRenderTime by their
  // center distance
  distanceList = new double[listLength];

  // We will return the total time of all props. This is used for
  // normalization.
  total_time  = 0;

  // Get the view frustum planes from the active camera
  ren->GetActiveCamera()->GetFrustumPlanes(
    ren->GetTiledAspectRatio(), planes );
  
  // Keep a list of allocated times to help with sorting / removing
  // props later
  allocatedTimeList = new double[listLength];

  // For each prop, compute coverage
  for ( propLoop = 0; propLoop < listLength; propLoop++ )
    {
    // Get the prop out of the list
    prop = propList[propLoop];

    // If allocated render time has not been initialized yet (if this
    // is the first culler, it hasn't) then the previous time is set
    // to 0.0
    if ( !initialized )
      {
      previous_time = 1.0;
      }
    else
      {
      previous_time = prop->GetRenderTimeMultiplier();
      }

    // Get the bounds of the prop and compute an enclosing sphere
    bounds = prop->GetBounds();

    // We start with a coverage of 1.0 and set it to zero if the prop
    // is culled during the plane tests
    coverage = 1.0;
    // make sure the bounds are defined - they won't be for a 2D prop which
    // means that they will never be culled. Maybe this should be changed in
    // the future?
    if (bounds)
      {
      // a duff dataset like a polydata with no cells will have bad bounds
      if (!vtkMath::AreBoundsInitialized(bounds))
        {
        coverage = 0.0;
        }
      else
        {
        center[0] = (bounds[0] + bounds[1]) / 2.0;
        center[1] = (bounds[2] + bounds[3]) / 2.0;
        center[2] = (bounds[4] + bounds[5]) / 2.0;
        radius = 0.5 * sqrt( ( bounds[1] - bounds[0] ) *
                             ( bounds[1] - bounds[0] ) +
                             ( bounds[3] - bounds[2] ) *
                             ( bounds[3] - bounds[2] ) +
                             ( bounds[5] - bounds[4] ) *
                             ( bounds[5] - bounds[4] ) );
        for ( i = 0; i < 6; i++ )
          {
          // Compute how far the center of the sphere is from this plane
          d =
          planes[i*4 + 0] * center[0] +
          planes[i*4 + 1] * center[1] +
          planes[i*4 + 2] * center[2] +
          planes[i*4 + 3];
          // If d < -radius the prop is not within the view frustum
              if ( d < -radius )
                {
                coverage = 0.0;
                i = 7;
                }
        // The first four planes are the ones bounding the edges of the
        // view plane (the last two are the near and far planes) The
        // distance from the edge of the sphere to these planes is stored
        // to compute coverage.
        if ( i < 4 )
          {
            screen_bounds[i] = d - radius;
          }
              // The fifth plane is the near plane - use the distance to
        // the center (d) as the value to sort by
              if ( i == 4 )
                {
                distanceList[propLoop] = d;
                }
        }
      }
      // If the prop wasn't culled during the plane tests...
      if ( coverage > 0.0 )
              {
        // Compute the width and height of this slice through the
        // view frustum that contains the center of the sphere
              full_w = screen_bounds[0] + screen_bounds[1] + 2.0 * radius;
              full_h = screen_bounds[2] + screen_bounds[3] + 2.0 * radius;
        // Subtract from the full width to get the width of the square
        // enclosing the circle slice from the sphere in the plane
        // through the center of the sphere. If the screen bounds for
        // the left and right planes (0,1) are greater than zero, then
        // the edge of the sphere was a positive distance away from the
        // plane, so there is a gap between the edge of the plane and
        // the edge of the box.
        part_w = full_w;
        if ( screen_bounds[0] > 0.0 )
          {
          part_w -= screen_bounds[0];
          }
        if ( screen_bounds[1] > 0.0 )
          {
          part_w -= screen_bounds[1];
          }
        // Do the same thing for the height with the top and bottom
        // planes (2,3).
        part_h = full_h;
        if ( screen_bounds[2] > 0.0 )
          {
          part_h -= screen_bounds[2];
          }
        if ( screen_bounds[3] > 0.0 )
          {
          part_h -= screen_bounds[3];
          }

        // Prevent a single point from being culled if we
        // are not culling based on screen coverage
        if ( ((full_w*full_h == 0.0) ||
              (part_w*part_h/(full_w*full_h) <= 0.0)) && this->MinimumCoverage == 0.0 )
          {
          coverage = 0.0001;
          }        
        // Compute the fraction of coverage
        else if ((full_w * full_h)!=0.0)
          {
          coverage = (part_w * part_h) / (full_w * full_h);
          }
        else
          {
          coverage = 0;
          }
        // Convert this to an allocated render time - coverage less than
        // the minimum result in 0.0 time, greater than the maximum result in
        // 1.0 time, and in between a linear ramp is used
        if ( coverage < this->MinimumCoverage )
          {
          coverage = 0;
          }
        else if ( coverage > this->MaximumCoverage )
          {
          coverage = 1.0;
          }
        else
          {
          coverage = (coverage-this->MinimumCoverage) /
            this->MaximumCoverage;
          }
        }
      }
    // This is a 2D prop - keep them at the beginning of the list in the same
    // order they came in (by giving them all the same distance) and set
    // the coverage to something small so that they won't get much
    // allocated render time (because they aren't LOD it doesn't matter,
    // and they generally do draw fast so you don't want to take too much
    // time away from the 3D prop because you added a title to your
    // window for example) They are put at the beginning of the list so
    // that when sorted back to front they will be rendered last.
    else
      {
      distanceList[propLoop] = -VTK_DOUBLE_MAX;
      coverage = 0.001;
      }
    // Multiply the new allocated time by the previous allocated time
    coverage *= previous_time;
    prop->SetRenderTimeMultiplier( coverage );
    
    // Save this in our array of allocated times which matches the
    // prop array. Also save the center distance
    allocatedTimeList[propLoop] = coverage;

    // Add the time for this prop to the total time
    total_time += coverage;
    }

  // Now traverse the list from the beginning, swapping any zero entries back
  // in the list, while preserving the order of the non-zero entries. This
  // requires two indices for the two items we are comparing at any step.
  // The second index always moves back by one, but the first index moves back
  // by one only when it is pointing to something that has a non-zero value.
  index1 = 0;
  for ( index2 = 1; index2 < listLength; index2++ )
    {
    if ( allocatedTimeList[index1] == 0.0 )
      {
      if ( allocatedTimeList[index2] != 0.0 )
        {
        allocatedTimeList[index1] = allocatedTimeList[index2];
        distanceList[index1]      = distanceList[index2];
        propList[index1]          = propList[index2];
        propList[index2]          = NULL;
        allocatedTimeList[index2] = 0.0;
        distanceList[index2]      = 0.0;
        }
      else
        {
        propList[index1]          = propList[index2]           = NULL;
        allocatedTimeList[index1] = allocatedTimeList[index2]  = 0.0;
        distanceList[index1]      = distanceList[index2]       = 0.0;
        }
      }
    if ( allocatedTimeList[index1] != 0.0 )
      {
      index1++;
      }
    }

  // Compute the new list length - index1 is always pointing to the
  // first 0.0 entry or the last entry if none were zero (in which case
  // we won't change the list length)
  listLength = (allocatedTimeList[index1] == 0.0)?(index1):listLength;

  // Now reorder the list if sorting is on
  // Do it by a simple bubble sort - there probably aren't that
  // many props....

  if ( this->SortingStyle == VTK_CULLER_SORT_FRONT_TO_BACK )
    {
    for ( propLoop = 1; propLoop < listLength; propLoop++ )
      {
      index1 = propLoop;
      while ( (index1 - 1) >= 0 &&
        distanceList[index1] < distanceList[index1-1] )
        {
        tmp = distanceList[index1-1];
        distanceList[index1-1] = distanceList[index1];
        distanceList[index1] = tmp;
        prop = propList[index1-1];
        propList[index1-1] = propList[index1];
        propList[index1] = prop;
        index1--;
        }
      }
    }
  if ( this->SortingStyle == VTK_CULLER_SORT_BACK_TO_FRONT )
    {
    for ( propLoop = 1; propLoop < listLength; propLoop++ )
      {
      index1 = propLoop;
      while ( (index1 - 1) >= 0 &&
        distanceList[index1] > distanceList[index1-1] )
        {
        tmp = distanceList[index1-1];
        distanceList[index1-1] = distanceList[index1];
        distanceList[index1] = tmp;
        prop = propList[index1-1];
        propList[index1-1] = propList[index1];
        propList[index1] = prop;
        index1--;
        }
      }
    }
  // The allocated render times are now initialized
  initialized = 1;
  delete [] allocatedTimeList;
  delete [] distanceList;
  return total_time;
}

// Description:
// Return the sorting style as a descriptive character string.
const char *vtkFrustumCoverageCuller::GetSortingStyleAsString(void)
{
  if( this->SortingStyle == VTK_CULLER_SORT_NONE )
    {
    return "None";
    }
  if( this->SortingStyle == VTK_CULLER_SORT_FRONT_TO_BACK )
    {
    return "Front To Back";
    }
  if( this->SortingStyle == VTK_CULLER_SORT_BACK_TO_FRONT )
    {
    return "Back To Front";
    }
  else
    {
    return "Unknown";
    }
}

void vtkFrustumCoverageCuller::PrintSelf(ostream& os, vtkIndent indent)
{
  this->Superclass::PrintSelf(os,indent);

  os << indent << "Minimum Coverage: " 
     << this->MinimumCoverage << endl;

  os << indent << "Maximum Coverage: " 
     << this->MaximumCoverage << endl;

  os << indent << "Sorting Style: "
     << this->GetSortingStyleAsString() << endl;

}
