Add cmake_language(GET_MESSAGE_LOG_LEVEL) sub command

The new sub-command writes a string representation of the
current log level to the output variable given to the
sub-command.

Given that the log-level might be set either via the --log-level
command line option or via the CMAKE_MESSAGE_LOG_LEVEL
cache / regular variables, the priority for each of the log level
sources is as follows, with the first one being the highest:
1) --log-level
2) CMAKE_MESSAGE_LOG_LEVEL regular variable
3) CMAKE_MESSAGE_LOG_LEVEL cache variable
4) default log level (STATUS)

Fixes: #23572