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With ccache, a CMake project can simply add:

set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE "ccache")

However ccache does not support MSVC. The only currently maintained compiler cache for MSVC is sccache. Using sccache, this fails if the project compiles an RC file with MSVC:

[715/841] Building RC object CMakeFiles\mixxx.dir\src\mixxx.rc.res
FAILED: CMakeFiles/mixxx.dir/src/mixxx.rc.res 
sccache "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/CMake/CMake/bin/cmcldeps.exe" RC D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\src\mixxx.rc CMakeFiles\mixxx.dir\src\mixxx.rc.res.d CMakeFiles\mixxx.dir\src\mixxx.rc.res "Note: including file: " "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.28.29333/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe" C:\PROGRA~2\WI3CF2~1\10\bin\x64\rc.exe -DAMD64 -DCHROMAPRINT_NODLL -DFLAC__NO_DLL -DMIXXX_BUILD_RELEASE -DMIXXX_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS_ENABLED -DMIXXX_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS_FATAL -DNDEBUG -DNOMINMAX -DQT_ACCESSIBILITY_SUPPORT_LIB -DQT_CONCURRENT_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -DQT_EVENTDISPATCHER_SUPPORT_LIB -DQT_FONTDATABASE_SUPPORT_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_NETWORK_LIB -DQT_NODLL -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_OPENGL_LIB -DQT_SCRIPTTOOLS_LIB -DQT_SCRIPT_LIB -DQT_SQL_LIB -DQT_SVG_LIB -DQT_TABLET_SUPPORT -DQT_TESTCASE_BUILDDIR=\"D:/a/mixxx/mixxx/build\" -DQT_TESTLIB_LIB -DQT_THEME_SUPPORT_LIB -DQT_USE_QSTRINGBUILDER -DQT_WIDGETS_LIB -DQT_WINDOWSUIAUTOMATION_SUPPORT_LIB -DQT_XML_LIB -DSFC_SUPPORTS_SET_COMPRESSION_LEVEL -DTAGLIB_STATIC -DUNICODE -DWIN32 -DWINVER=0x0601 -D_ATL_MIN_CRT -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_SILENCE_CXX17_ITERATOR_BASE_CLASS_DEPRECATION_WARNING -D_USE_MATH_DEFINES -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0601 -D__BATTERY__ -D__BROADCAST__ -D__HID__ -D__HSS1394__ -D__MAD__ -D__MEDIAFOUNDATION__ -D__OPUS__ -D__QTKEYCHAIN__ -D__SNDFILE__ -D__SQLITE3__ -D__SSE2__ -D__SSE__ -D__VINYLCONTROL__ -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\src -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\build\src -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\fidlib -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\googletest-1.10.x\googletest\include -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\include -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\portaudio -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\rigtorp\SPSCQueue\include -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\qtscript-bytearray -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\include\opus -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\libebur128\ebur128 -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\kaitai -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\mp3guessenc-0.27.4 -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtConcurrent -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtCore -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\mkspecs\win32-msvc -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtGui -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtANGLE -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtEventDispatcherSupport -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtFontDatabaseSupport -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtThemeSupport -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtAccessibilitySupport -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtWindowsUIAutomationSupport -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtNetwork -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtOpenGL -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtWidgets -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtScript -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtScriptTools -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtSql -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtSvg -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtTest -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\include\QtXml -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\qm-dsp -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\qm-dsp\include -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib -I C:\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\include\taglib -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\hidapi\hidapi -I D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\lib\xwax -DWIN32 /fo CMakeFiles\mixxx.dir\src\mixxx.rc.res D:\a\mixxx\mixxx\src\mixxx.rc
sccache: error: failed to execute compile
sccache: caused by: Compiler not supported: "ninja: FATAL: Couldn\'t parse arguments.\r\n\r\nusage:\r\n    cmcldeps <language C, CXX or RC>  <source file path>  <output path for *.d file>  <output path for *.obj file>  <prefix of /showIncludes>  <path to cl.exe>  <path to tool (cl or rc)>  <rest of command ...>\r\n\r\n"
[716/841] Building CXX object CMakeFiles\mixxx.dir\C_\buildenv\2.3-j00019-x64-release-fastbuild-static-55e94982-minimal\Qt-5.14.2\lib\cmake\Qt5Gui\Qt5Gui_QICOPlugin_Import.cpp.obj
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

A workaround is to split most of the program into a library target with CMake and define a separate executable target that includes the RC file so RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE can be set only for the library target but not the executable.

Bug on sccache's tracker