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From what I can see here, ctest currently dumps only predefined list of test properties to JSON format. In my case, tests declared with add_test contain custom properties defined with define_property and set with set_property. Unfortunately, such metadata can't be exported from CMake with ctest --show-only=json-v1 command.

Example application can be found below.

CMakeLists.txt:

project(my_project)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)

include(CTest)

define_property(TEST PROPERTY MY_PROPERTY BRIEF_DOCS "brief docs" FULL_DOCS "full docs")

add_test(
  NAME my_test_name
  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --help
)

set_property(
  TEST my_test_name
  PROPERTY MY_PROPERTY
  my_data_1
  my_data_2
)

get_property(MY_VAR TEST my_test_name PROPERTY MY_PROPERTY)
message(STATUS "MY_VAR: ${MY_VAR}")

CMake:

developer@ltowarek-desk:~/workspace/cmake_test$ cmake -B build -S .
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 9.3.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 9.3.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- MY_VAR: my_data_1;my_data_2
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/developer/workspace/cmake_test/build

CTest:

developer@ltowarek-desk:~/workspace/cmake_test/build$ ctest --show-only=json-v1
{
  "backtraceGraph" : 
  {
    "commands" : 
    [
      "add_test"
    ],
    "files" : 
    [
      "/home/developer/workspace/cmake_test/CMakeLists.txt"
    ],
    "nodes" : 
    [
      {
        "file" : 0
      },
      {
        "command" : 0,
        "file" : 0,
        "line" : 8,
        "parent" : 0
      }
    ]
  },
  "kind" : "ctestInfo",
  "tests" : 
  [
    {
      "backtrace" : 1,
      "command" : 
      [
        "/usr/bin/cmake",
        "--help"
      ],
      "name" : "my_test_name",
      "properties" : 
      [
        {
          "name" : "WORKING_DIRECTORY",
          "value" : "/home/developer/workspace/cmake_test/build"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "version" : 
  {
    "major" : 1,
    "minor" : 0
  }
}

BTW, exactly the same problem is also mentioned in CMake Test Explorer extension for Visual Studio Code. Their workaround is to declare custom properties inside ENVIRONMENT property.