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Extend the existing feature infrastructure as needed to support
both C++11 and C++98 features.

Add a feature test using the compiler macros and the preprocessor to
determine available features.

Add a CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES variable which contains all features
known to the loaded compiler, and a CMAKE_CXX_KNOWN_FEATURES variable
containing all features known to CMake.  Add language standard specific
variables for internal use to determine the standard-specific compile
flags to use.

This will be extended to other languages in the future.  Follow-up
commits will add features which will be recorded by the feature test.