Use the highest standard compile flags available if requested language
version is too new.

This supports use-cases like

 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

 # Compiled with -std=c++11 with GNU 4.7, which has no -std=c++14
 # or equivalent flag
 add_executable(main main.cpp)

This can be used in combination with preprocessor defines which
communicate the availability of certain language features for
optional use.