MSVC: Add empty definitions for std compile options

There are no specific options for MSVC to set language standards, but
set them as empty strings anyways so the feature test infrastructure
can at least check to see if they are defined.

Modules/Compiler/MSVC-CXX.cmake

+# Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD 3-Clause License.  See accompanying
+# file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.
 
-if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 16.0)
-  # MSVC has no specific language level or flags to change it.
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 16.0)
+  # MSVC has no specific options to set language standards, but set them as
+  # empty strings anyways so the feature test infrastructure can at least check
+  # to see if they are defined.
+  set(CMAKE_CXX98_STANDARD_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX98_EXTENSION_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX11_STANDARD_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX11_EXTENSION_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX14_STANDARD_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX14_EXTENSION_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX17_STANDARD_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX17_EXTENSION_COMPILE_OPTION "")
+
+  # There is no meaningful default for this
   set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_DEFAULT "")
 endif()