/*=========================================================================

Program:   Visualization Toolkit
Module:    TestRandomPContingencyStatisticsMPI.cxx

Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
All rights reserved.
See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
/*
 * Copyright 2011 Sandia Corporation.
 * Under the terms of Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000, there is a non-exclusive
 * license for use of this work by or on behalf of the
 * U.S. Government. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
 * or without modification, are permitted provided that this Notice and any
 * statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies.
 */
// .SECTION Thanks
// Thanks to Philippe Pebay for implementing this test.

#include <vtk_mpi.h>

#include "vtkContingencyStatistics.h"
#include "vtkPContingencyStatistics.h"

#include "vtkDoubleArray.h"
#include "vtkIdTypeArray.h"
#include "vtkIntArray.h"
#include "vtkMPIController.h"
#include "vtkMath.h"
#include "vtkMultiBlockDataSet.h"
#include "vtkStdString.h"
#include "vtkTable.h"
#include "vtkTimerLog.h"
#include "vtkVariantArray.h"

#include "vtksys/CommandLineArguments.hxx"

namespace
{

struct RandomContingencyStatisticsArgs
{
  int nVals;
  double stdev;
  double absTol;
  int* retVal;
  int ioRank;
};

// This will be called by all processes
void RandomContingencyStatistics(vtkMultiProcessController* controller, void* arg)
{
  // Get test parameters
  RandomContingencyStatisticsArgs* args = reinterpret_cast<RandomContingencyStatisticsArgs*>(arg);
  *(args->retVal) = 0;

  // Get MPI communicator
  vtkMPICommunicator* com = vtkMPICommunicator::SafeDownCast(controller->GetCommunicator());

  // Get local rank
  int myRank = com->GetLocalProcessId();

  // Seed random number generator
  vtkMath::RandomSeed(static_cast<int>(vtkTimerLog::GetUniversalTime()) * (myRank + 1));

  // Generate an input table that contains samples of mutually independent discrete random variables
  int nVariables = 2;
  vtkIntArray* intArray[2];
  vtkStdString columnNames[] = { "Rounded Normal 0", "Rounded Normal 1" };

  vtkTable* inputData = vtkTable::New();
  // Discrete rounded normal samples
  for (int c = 0; c < nVariables; ++c)
  {
    intArray[c] = vtkIntArray::New();
    intArray[c]->SetNumberOfComponents(1);
    intArray[c]->SetName(columnNames[c]);

    for (int r = 0; r < args->nVals; ++r)
    {
      intArray[c]->InsertNextValue(static_cast<int>(std::round(vtkMath::Gaussian() * args->stdev)));
    }

    inputData->AddColumn(intArray[c]);
    intArray[c]->Delete();
  }

  // Entropies in the summary table should normally be retrieved as follows:
  //   column 2: H(X,Y)
  //   column 3: H(Y|X)
  //   column 4: H(X|Y)
  int iEntropies[] = { 2, 3, 4 };
  int nEntropies = 3; // correct number of entropies reported in the summary table

  // ************************** Contingency Statistics **************************

  // Synchronize and start clock
  com->Barrier();
  vtkTimerLog* timer = vtkTimerLog::New();
  timer->StartTimer();

  // Instantiate a parallel contingency statistics engine and set its ports
  vtkPContingencyStatistics* pcs = vtkPContingencyStatistics::New();
  pcs->SetInputData(vtkStatisticsAlgorithm::INPUT_DATA, inputData);
  vtkMultiBlockDataSet* outputMetaDS = vtkMultiBlockDataSet::SafeDownCast(
    pcs->GetOutputDataObject(vtkStatisticsAlgorithm::OUTPUT_MODEL));

  // Select column pairs (uniform vs. uniform, normal vs. normal)
  pcs->AddColumnPair(columnNames[0], columnNames[1]);

  // Test (in parallel) with Learn, Derive, and Assess options turned on
  pcs->SetLearnOption(true);
  pcs->SetDeriveOption(true);
  pcs->SetAssessOption(true);
  pcs->Update();

  // Synchronize and stop clock
  com->Barrier();
  timer->StopTimer();

  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == args->ioRank)
  {
    cout << "\n## Completed parallel calculation of contingency statistics (with assessment):\n"
         << "   Wall time: " << timer->GetElapsedTime() << " sec.\n";
  }

  // Now perform verifications
  vtkTable* outputSummary = vtkTable::SafeDownCast(outputMetaDS->GetBlock(0));
  vtkTable* outputContingency = vtkTable::SafeDownCast(outputMetaDS->GetBlock(1));

  vtkIdType nRowSumm = outputSummary->GetNumberOfRows();
  double testDoubleValue1;
  double testDoubleValue2;
  int numProcs = controller->GetNumberOfProcesses();

  // Verify that all processes have the same grand total and contingency tables size
  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == args->ioRank)
  {
    cout << "\n## Verifying that all processes have the same grand total and contingency tables "
            "size.\n";
  }

  // Gather all grand totals
  int GT_l = outputContingency->GetValueByName(0, "Cardinality").ToInt();
  int* GT_g = new int[numProcs];
  com->AllGather(&GT_l, GT_g, 1);

  // Known global grand total
  int testIntValue = args->nVals * numProcs;

  // Print out all grand totals
  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == args->ioRank)
  {
    for (int i = 0; i < numProcs; ++i)
    {
      cout << "     On process " << i << ", grand total = " << GT_g[i]
           << ", contingency table size = " << outputContingency->GetNumberOfRows() << "\n";

      if (GT_g[i] != testIntValue)
      {
        vtkGenericWarningMacro(
          "Incorrect grand total:" << GT_g[i] << " <> " << testIntValue << ")");
        *(args->retVal) = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  // Verify that information entropies on all processes make sense
  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == args->ioRank)
  {
    cout << "\n## Verifying that information entropies are consistent on all processes.\n";
  }

  testIntValue = outputSummary->GetNumberOfColumns();

  if (testIntValue != nEntropies + 2)
  {
    vtkGenericWarningMacro("Reported an incorrect number of columns in the summary table: "
      << testIntValue << " != " << nEntropies + 2 << ".");
    *(args->retVal) = 1;
  }
  else
  {
    // For each row in the summary table, fetch variable names and information entropies
    for (vtkIdType k = 0; k < nRowSumm; ++k)
    {
      // Get local information entropies from summary table
      double* H_l = new double[nEntropies];
      for (vtkIdType c = 0; c < nEntropies; ++c)
      {
        H_l[c] = outputSummary->GetValue(k, iEntropies[c]).ToDouble();
      }

      // Gather all local entropies
      double* H_g = new double[nEntropies * numProcs];
      com->AllGather(H_l, H_g, nEntropies);

      // Print out all entropies
      if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == args->ioRank)
      {
        // Get variable names
        cout << "   (X,Y) = (" << outputSummary->GetValue(k, 0).ToString() << ", "
             << outputSummary->GetValue(k, 1).ToString() << "):\n";

        for (int i = 0; i < numProcs; ++i)
        {
          cout << "     On process " << i;

          for (vtkIdType c = 0; c < nEntropies; ++c)
          {
            cout << ", " << outputSummary->GetColumnName(iEntropies[c]) << " = "
                 << H_g[nEntropies * i + c];
          }

          cout << "\n";

          // Make sure that H(X,Y) >= H(Y|X)+ H(X|Y)
          testDoubleValue1 = H_g[nEntropies * i + 1] + H_g[nEntropies * i + 2]; // H(Y|X)+ H(X|Y)

          if (testDoubleValue1 > H_g[nEntropies * i])
          {
            vtkGenericWarningMacro("Reported inconsistent information entropies: H(X,Y) = "
              << H_g[nEntropies * i] << " < " << testDoubleValue1 << " = H(Y|X)+ H(X|Y).");
            *(args->retVal) = 1;
          }
        }
        cout << "   where H(X,Y) = - Sum_{x,y} p(x,y) log p(x,y) and H(X|Y) = - Sum_{x,y} p(x,y) "
                "log p(x|y).\n";
      }

      // Clean up
      delete[] H_l;
      delete[] H_g;
    }
  }

  // Verify that the local and global CDFs sum to 1 within presribed relative tolerance
  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == args->ioRank)
  {
    cout << "\n## Verifying that local and global CDFs sum to 1 (within " << args->absTol
         << " absolute tolerance).\n";
  }

  vtkIdTypeArray* keys =
    vtkArrayDownCast<vtkIdTypeArray>(outputContingency->GetColumnByName("Key"));
  if (!keys)
  {
    cout << "*** Error: "
         << "Empty contingency table column 'Key' on process " << com->GetLocalProcessId() << ".\n";
  }

  vtkStdString proName = "P";
  vtkDoubleArray* prob =
    vtkArrayDownCast<vtkDoubleArray>(outputContingency->GetColumnByName(proName));
  if (!prob)
  {
    cout << "*** Error: "
         << "Empty contingency table column '" << proName << "' on process "
         << com->GetLocalProcessId() << ".\n";
  }

  // Calculate local CDFs
  double* cdf_l = new double[nRowSumm];
  for (vtkIdType k = 0; k < nRowSumm; ++k)
  {
    cdf_l[k] = 0;
  }

  int n = outputContingency->GetNumberOfRows();

  // Skip first entry which is reserved for the cardinality
  for (vtkIdType r = 1; r < n; ++r)
  {
    cdf_l[keys->GetValue(r)] += prob->GetValue(r);
  }

  // Gather all local CDFs
  double* cdf_g = new double[nRowSumm * numProcs];
  com->AllGather(cdf_l, cdf_g, nRowSumm);

  // Print out all local and global CDFs
  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == args->ioRank)
  {
    for (vtkIdType k = 0; k < nRowSumm; ++k)
    {
      // Get variable names
      cout << "   (X,Y) = (" << outputSummary->GetValue(k, 0).ToString() << ", "
           << outputSummary->GetValue(k, 1).ToString() << "):\n";

      for (int i = 0; i < numProcs; ++i)
      {
        testDoubleValue1 = cdf_l[k];
        testDoubleValue2 = cdf_g[i * nRowSumm + k];

        cout << "     On process " << i << ", local CDF = " << testDoubleValue1
             << ", global CDF = " << testDoubleValue2 << "\n";

        // Verify that local CDF = 1 (within absTol)
        if (fabs(1. - testDoubleValue1) > args->absTol)
        {
          vtkGenericWarningMacro("Incorrect local CDF.");
          *(args->retVal) = 1;
        }

        // Verify that global CDF = 1 (within absTol)
        if (fabs(1. - testDoubleValue2) > args->absTol)
        {
          vtkGenericWarningMacro("Incorrect global CDF.");
          *(args->retVal) = 1;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // Clean up
  delete[] GT_g;
  delete[] cdf_l;
  delete[] cdf_g;
  pcs->Delete();
  inputData->Delete();
  timer->Delete();
}

}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int TestRandomPContingencyStatisticsMPI(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  // **************************** MPI Initialization ***************************
  vtkMPIController* controller = vtkMPIController::New();
  controller->Initialize(&argc, &argv);

  // If an MPI controller was not created, terminate in error.
  if (!controller->IsA("vtkMPIController"))
  {
    vtkGenericWarningMacro("Failed to initialize a MPI controller.");
    controller->Delete();
    return 1;
  }

  vtkMPICommunicator* com = vtkMPICommunicator::SafeDownCast(controller->GetCommunicator());

  // ************************** Find an I/O node ********************************
  int* ioPtr;
  int ioRank;
  int flag;

  MPI_Comm_get_attr(MPI_COMM_WORLD, MPI_IO, &ioPtr, &flag);

  if ((!flag) || (*ioPtr == MPI_PROC_NULL))
  {
    // Getting MPI attributes did not return any I/O node found.
    ioRank = MPI_PROC_NULL;
    vtkGenericWarningMacro("No MPI I/O nodes found.");

    // As no I/O node was found, we need an unambiguous way to report the problem.
    // This is the only case when a testValue of -1 will be returned
    controller->Finalize();
    controller->Delete();

    return -1;
  }
  else
  {
    if (*ioPtr == MPI_ANY_SOURCE)
    {
      // Anyone can do the I/O trick--just pick node 0.
      ioRank = 0;
    }
    else
    {
      // Only some nodes can do I/O. Make sure everyone agrees on the choice (min).
      com->AllReduce(ioPtr, &ioRank, 1, vtkCommunicator::MIN_OP);
    }
  }

  // **************************** Parse command line ***************************
  // Set default argument values
  int nVals = 100000;
  double stdev = 5.;
  double absTol = 1.e-6;

  // Initialize command line argument parser
  vtksys::CommandLineArguments clArgs;
  clArgs.Initialize(argc, argv);
  clArgs.StoreUnusedArguments(false);

  // Parse per-process cardinality of each pseudo-random sample
  clArgs.AddArgument("--n-per-proc", vtksys::CommandLineArguments::SPACE_ARGUMENT, &nVals,
    "Per-process cardinality of each pseudo-random sample");

  // Parse standard deviation of each pseudo-random sample
  clArgs.AddArgument("--std-dev", vtksys::CommandLineArguments::SPACE_ARGUMENT, &stdev,
    "Standard deviation of each pseudo-random sample");

  // Parse absolute tolerance to verify that final CDF is 1
  clArgs.AddArgument("--abs-tol", vtksys::CommandLineArguments::SPACE_ARGUMENT, &absTol,
    "Absolute tolerance to verify that final CDF is 1");

  // If incorrect arguments were provided, provide some help and terminate in error.
  if (!clArgs.Parse())
  {
    if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == ioRank)
    {
      cerr << "Usage: " << clArgs.GetHelp() << "\n";
    }

    controller->Finalize();
    controller->Delete();

    return 1;
  }

  // ************************** Initialize test *********************************
  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == ioRank)
  {
    cout << "\n# Process " << ioRank << " will be the I/O node.\n";
  }

  // Parameters for regression test.
  int testValue = 0;
  RandomContingencyStatisticsArgs args;
  args.nVals = nVals;
  args.stdev = stdev;
  args.retVal = &testValue;
  args.ioRank = ioRank;
  args.absTol = absTol;

  // Check how many processes have been made available
  int numProcs = controller->GetNumberOfProcesses();
  if (controller->GetLocalProcessId() == ioRank)
  {
    cout << "\n# Running test with " << numProcs
         << " processes and standard deviation = " << args.stdev << ".\n";
  }

  // Execute the function named "process" on both processes
  controller->SetSingleMethod(RandomContingencyStatistics, &args);
  controller->SingleMethodExecute();

  // Clean up and exit
  if (com->GetLocalProcessId() == ioRank)
  {
    cout << "\n# Test completed.\n\n";
  }

  controller->Finalize();
  controller->Delete();

  return testValue;
}
