/*=========================================================================

  Program:   Visualization Toolkit
  Module:    vtkPointsProjectedHull.cxx

  Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
  All rights reserved.
  See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Copyright (c) Sandia Corporation
 See Copyright.txt or http://www.paraview.org/HTML/Copyright.html for details.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "vtkPointsProjectedHull.h"
#include "vtkObjectFactory.h"

vtkStandardNewMacro(vtkPointsProjectedHull);

static const int xdim=0, ydim=1, zdim=2;
static const int xmin=0, xmax=1, ymin=2, ymax=3;
static double firstPt[3];

//    Return: >0 for P2 left of the line through P0 and P1
//            =0 for P2 on the line
//            <0 for P2 right of the line
#define VTK_ISLEFT(P0, P1, P2) \
(((P1)[0] - (P0)[0])*((P2)[1] - (P0)[1]) - ((P2)[0] - (P0)[0])*((P1)[1] - (P0)[1]))

vtkPointsProjectedHull::vtkPointsProjectedHull()
{
  this->InitFlags();
}

vtkPointsProjectedHull::~vtkPointsProjectedHull()
{
  this->ClearAllocations();
}

void vtkPointsProjectedHull::Initialize()
{
  this->ClearAllocations();
  this->InitFlags();

  vtkPoints::Initialize();
}

void vtkPointsProjectedHull::Update()
{
  this->ClearAllocations();
  this->InitFlags();
}

void vtkPointsProjectedHull::InitFlags()
{
  int i;

  this->Pts = nullptr;
  this->Npts = 0;

  for (i=0; i<3; i++)
  {
    this->CCWHull[i] = nullptr;
    this->HullSize[i]     = 0;
    for (int j=0; j<4; j++)
    {
      this->HullBBox[i][j] = 0.0;
    }
  }
}

void vtkPointsProjectedHull::ClearAllocations()
{
  int i;
  for (i=0; i<3; i++)
  {
    delete [] this->CCWHull[i];
    this->CCWHull[i] = nullptr;
  }
  delete [] this->Pts;
  this->Pts = nullptr;
}
#define VTK_GETCCWHULL(which, dim) \
int vtkPointsProjectedHull::GetCCWHull##which(float *pts, int len)\
{                                                   \
  int i;                                            \
  double *dpts = new double [len*2];                \
  int copypts = this->GetCCWHull##which(dpts, len); \
  for (i=0; i<copypts*2; i++)                       \
  {                                               \
    pts[i] = static_cast<float>(dpts[i]);           \
  }                                               \
  delete [] dpts;                \
  return copypts;                \
}                                \
int vtkPointsProjectedHull::GetCCWHull##which(double *pts, int len)\
{                                                 \
  if ((this->HullSize[dim] == 0) || (this->GetMTime() > this->HullTime[dim]))\
  {                                             \
    GrahamScanAlgorithm(dim);                     \
  }                                             \
  int copylen = (this->HullSize[dim] <= len) ? this->HullSize[dim] : len; \
  if (copylen <= 0) return 0;                                    \
  memcpy(pts, this->CCWHull[dim], sizeof(double) * 2 * copylen); \
  return copylen;                                                \
}
VTK_GETCCWHULL(X, 0);
VTK_GETCCWHULL(Y, 1);
VTK_GETCCWHULL(Z, 2);

#define VTK_GETSIZECCWHULL(which, dim) \
int vtkPointsProjectedHull::GetSizeCCWHull##which()\
{                                                  \
  if ((this->HullSize[dim] == 0) || (this->GetMTime() > this->HullTime[dim]))\
  {                                              \
    GrahamScanAlgorithm(dim);                      \
  }                                              \
  return this->HullSize[dim];                      \
}
VTK_GETSIZECCWHULL(X, 0);
VTK_GETSIZECCWHULL(Y, 1);
VTK_GETSIZECCWHULL(Z, 2);

#define VTK_RECTANGLEINTERSECTION(which, dim) \
int vtkPointsProjectedHull::RectangleIntersection##which(vtkPoints *R) \
{                                                                      \
  double bounds[6];                                            \
  R->Modified();                                               \
  R->GetBounds(bounds);                                        \
  double hmin, hmax, vmin, vmax;                               \
                                                               \
  hmin = bounds[((dim)*2+2)%6];                          \
  hmax = bounds[((dim)*2+2)%6+1];                        \
  vmin = bounds[((dim)*2+4)%6];                          \
  vmax = bounds[((dim)*2+4)%6 + 1];                      \
                                                               \
  return RectangleIntersection##which(hmin, hmax, vmin, vmax); \
}                                                              \
int vtkPointsProjectedHull::RectangleIntersection##which(float hmin, \
                                 float hmax, float vmin, float vmax) \
{                                                                    \
  return RectangleIntersection##which(static_cast<double>(hmin), static_cast<double>(hmax), \
                                      static_cast<double>(vmin), static_cast<double>(vmax)); \
}                                                                    \
int vtkPointsProjectedHull::RectangleIntersection##which(double hmin,\
                         double hmax, double vmin, double vmax)      \
{                                                                    \
  if ((this->HullSize[dim] == 0) || (this->GetMTime() > this->HullTime[dim]))\
  {                                                         \
    GrahamScanAlgorithm(dim);                                 \
  }                                                         \
  return RectangleIntersection(hmin, hmax, vmin, vmax ,dim);  \
}
VTK_RECTANGLEINTERSECTION(X, 0);
VTK_RECTANGLEINTERSECTION(Y, 1);
VTK_RECTANGLEINTERSECTION(Z, 2);

// Does the axis-aligned rectangle R intersect the convex polygon
// given by the counter-clockwise enumeration of it's vertices.
//
// Graphics Gems IV, Rectangle-Polygon intersection: Rectangle R
//   intersects polygon P if and only if (1) the bounding box
//   of P intersects R and (2) R does not lie entirely outside
//   any infinite line defined by P's edges.  (Outside means if
//   you are walking the line in the direction given by the
//   ccw orientation of the points of P, R lies completely
//   in the half plane on your right.) (Ned Greene)

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::RectangleIntersection(double hmin, double hmax,
                                 double vmin, double vmax, int dim)
{
  if (RectangleBoundingBoxIntersection(hmin,hmax,vmin,vmax,dim) == 0)
  {
    return 0;
  }

  if (RectangleOutside(hmin,hmax,vmin,vmax, dim) == 1)
  {
    return 0;
  }

  return 1;
}
//
// Suppose the points are projected orthogonally in the dir
// of the positive x, y or z axis.  Compute the points (2 components)
// of the convex hull of that projection, in counter clockwise order.
//
//  "Right hand rule":
//
//     |             |              |
//    Z|            X|             Y|
//     |             |              |
//     |             |              |
//     ------- Y     -------- Z     -------X
//   along X-axis  along Y-axis    along Z-axis
//
// Algorithm comes from Graphics Gems IV
//
extern "C"
{
  int vtkPointsProjectedHullIncrVertAxis(const void *p1, const void *p2);
  int vtkPointsProjectedHullCCW(const void *p1, const void *p2);
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::GrahamScanAlgorithm(int dir)
{
  int horizAxis = 0, vertAxis = 0;

  if ((this->Npts == 0) || (this->GetMTime() > this->PtsTime))
  {
    GetPoints();
  }

  // I'm not sure what I'm doing here but the current code is clearly screwed
  // up and doesn't handle some degenerate cases
  if (this->Npts == 0)
  {
    return 0;
  }

  switch (dir)
  {
    case xdim:
      horizAxis = ydim;
      vertAxis = zdim;
      break;

    case ydim:
      horizAxis = zdim;
      vertAxis = xdim;
      break;

    case zdim:
      horizAxis = xdim;
      vertAxis = ydim;
      break;
  }

  // Find the lowest, rightmost point in the set

  double *hullPts = new double[this->Npts*2];

  for (vtkIdType i=0; i<this->Npts; ++i)
  {
    hullPts[i*2]     = this->Pts[i*3 + horizAxis];
    hullPts[i*2 + 1] = this->Pts[i*3 + vertAxis];
  }

  qsort(hullPts, this->Npts, sizeof(double) * 2, vtkPointsProjectedHullIncrVertAxis);

  int firstId = 0;

  for (vtkIdType i=1; i<this->Npts; ++i)
  {
    if (hullPts[i*2 + 1] != hullPts[1]) break;

    if (hullPts[i*2] > hullPts[firstId*2])
    {
       firstId = i;
    }
  }

  firstPt[0] = hullPts[firstId * 2];     // lowest, rightmost
  firstPt[1] = hullPts[firstId * 2 + 1];

  if (firstId != 0)
  {
    hullPts[2*firstId]     = hullPts[0];
    hullPts[2*firstId + 1] = hullPts[1];
    hullPts[0] = firstPt[0];
    hullPts[1] = firstPt[1];
  }
  // If there are duplicates of the first point in the
  // projection, the vtkPointsProjectedHullCCW sort will fail.

  vtkIdType dups = 0;

  for (vtkIdType j=1, i=1; j < this->Npts; ++j)
  {
    if ( !dups && (hullPts[j*2+1] != hullPts[1])) break;

    if ( (hullPts[j*2+1] != hullPts[1]) || (hullPts[j*2] != hullPts[0]))
    {
      if (j > i)
      {
        hullPts[i*2]   = hullPts[j*2];
        hullPts[i*2+1] = hullPts[j*2+1];
      }
      ++i;
    }
    else
    {
      dups++;
    }
  }
  vtkIdType nHullPts = this->Npts - dups;

  // I'm not sure what I'm doing here but the current code is clearly screwed
  // up and doesn't handle some degenerate cases
  if (nHullPts == 0)
  {
    delete [] hullPts;
    return 0;
  }

  // Sort in counter clockwise order the other points by the angle
  //   they make with the line through firstPt parallel to the
  //   horizontal axis.
  //   (For a tie: choose the point furthest from firstPt.)
  //   P2 makes a greater angle than P1 if it is left of the line
  //   formed by firstPt - P1.

  qsort(hullPts+2, nHullPts - 1, sizeof(double)*2, vtkPointsProjectedHullCCW);

  // Remove sequences of duplicate points, and remove interior
  //   points on the same ray from the initial point

  nHullPts = RemoveExtras(hullPts, nHullPts);

  // Now make list of points on the convex hull.

  int top = 1;

  for (vtkIdType i=2; i<nHullPts; ++i)
  {
    vtkIdType newpos = PositionInHull(hullPts, hullPts + top*2, hullPts + i*2);

    hullPts[newpos*2]    = hullPts[i*2];
    hullPts[newpos*2+ 1] = hullPts[i*2+ 1];

    top = newpos;
  }
  nHullPts = top + 1;

  // hull bounding box

  double x0 = hullPts[0];
  double x1 = hullPts[0];
  double y0 = hullPts[1];
  double y1 = hullPts[1];

  for (vtkIdType i=1; i<nHullPts; ++i)
  {
    if (hullPts[2*i] < x0)
    {
      x0 = hullPts[2*i];
    }
    else if (hullPts[2*i] > x1)
    {
      x1 = hullPts[2*i];
    }

    if (hullPts[2*i+1] < y0)
    {
      y0 = hullPts[2*i+1];
    }
    else if (hullPts[2*i+1] > y1)
    {
      y1 = hullPts[2*i+1];
    }
  }
  this->HullBBox[dir][xmin] = static_cast<float>(x0);
  this->HullBBox[dir][xmax] = static_cast<float>(x1);
  this->HullBBox[dir][ymin] = static_cast<float>(y0);
  this->HullBBox[dir][ymax] = static_cast<float>(y1);

  this->HullSize[dir] = nHullPts;

  delete [] this->CCWHull[dir];

  this->CCWHull[dir] = new double[nHullPts*2];

  memcpy(this->CCWHull[dir], hullPts, sizeof(double) * 2 * nHullPts);

  delete [] hullPts;

  this->HullTime[dir].Modified();

  return 0;
}

double vtkPointsProjectedHull::Distance(double *p1, double *p2)
{
  return (p1[0] - p2[0])*(p1[0] - p2[0]) + (p1[1] - p2[1])*(p1[1] - p2[1]);
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::RemoveExtras(double *pts, int n)
{
  int i, prev, skipMe, coord;
  double where;

  prev = 0;

  for (i=1; i<n; i++)
  {
    skipMe = 0;

    // case: point is equal to previous point

    if ((pts[i*2] == pts[prev*2]) && (pts[i*2+ 1] == pts[prev*2+ 1]))
    {
      skipMe = 1;
    }

    // case: point is at same angle as previous point -
    //   discard the point that is closest to first point

    else if (prev >= 1)
    {
      where = VTK_ISLEFT(pts, pts + prev*2, pts + i*2);

      if (where == 0)  // on same ray from first point
      {
        double d1 = Distance(pts, pts + prev*2);
        double d2 = Distance(pts, pts + i*2);

        if (d2 > d1)  // save only the most distant
        {
          for (coord=0; coord<2; coord++)
          {
            pts[prev*2+ coord] = pts[i*2+ coord];
          }
        }
        skipMe = 1;
      }
    }

    if (!skipMe)
    {
      prev++;
      if (prev < i)
      {
        for (coord=0; coord<2; coord++)
        {
           pts[prev*2+ coord] = pts[i*2+ coord];
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return prev+1;   // size of new list
}

vtkIdType vtkPointsProjectedHull::PositionInHull(double *base, double *top, double *pt)
{
  double *p1, *p2;
  double where;

  p2 = top;
  p1 = p2 - 2;

  // Because of the way the vertices are sorted, the new vertex
  // is part of convex hull so far.  But the previous vertex
  // could now be inside the convex hull if the new vertex is to
  // the right of the line formed by the previous two vertices.

  while (p2 > base)
  {
    where = VTK_ISLEFT(p1, p2, pt);

    // If vertex is to left of line, don't remove previous points

    if (where > 0)
    {
      break;
    }

    // If vertex is to right of line, remove previous point and
    //   check again.  If vertex is on line, previous point is
    //   redundant.

    p2 -= 2;   // pop top of stack
    p1 -= 2;
  }

  // return the position in the list where the new vertex goes

  return ((p2 - base) / 2) + 1;
}

void vtkPointsProjectedHull::GetPoints()
{
  delete [] this->Pts;
  this->Npts = this->Data->GetNumberOfTuples();

  this->Pts = new double [this->Npts*3];

  for (vtkIdType i=0; i<this->Npts; ++i)
  {
    this->Pts[i*3]     = this->Data->GetComponent(i, 0);
    this->Pts[i*3 + 1] = this->Data->GetComponent(i, 1);
    this->Pts[i*3 + 2] = this->Data->GetComponent(i, 2);
  }

  this->PtsTime.Modified();
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::
RectangleBoundingBoxIntersection(double hmin, double hmax,
                                double vmin, double vmax, int dim)
{
  float *r2Bounds = this->HullBBox[dim];

  if ((hmin > r2Bounds[xmax]) ||
      (hmax < r2Bounds[xmin]) ||
      (vmin > r2Bounds[ymax]) ||
      (vmax < r2Bounds[ymin]))
  {
    return 0;
  }

  return 1;
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::
OutsideHorizontalLine(double vmin, double vmax,
                      double *p0, double *, double *insidePt)
{
  if (insidePt[1] > p0[1])
  {
    if (vmax <= p0[1])
    {
      return 1;
    }
    else
    {
      return 0;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if (vmin >= p0[1])
    {
      return 1;
    }
    else
    {
      return 0;
    }
  }
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::
OutsideVerticalLine(double hmin, double hmax,
                      double *p0, double *, double *insidePt)
{
  if (insidePt[0] > p0[0])
  {
    if (hmax <= p0[0])
    {
      return 1;
    }
    else
    {
      return 0;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if (hmin >= p0[0])
    {
      return 1;
    }
    else
    {
      return 0;
    }
  }
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::
OutsideLine(double hmin, double hmax, double vmin, double vmax,
            double *p0, double *p1, double *insidePt)
{
  int i;

  if ((p1[1] - p0[1]) == 0)
  {
    return OutsideHorizontalLine(vmin, vmax, p0, p1, insidePt);
  }

  if ((p1[0] - p0[0]) == 0)
  {
    return OutsideVerticalLine(hmin, hmax, p0, p1, insidePt);
  }

  // Are any of the points of the rectangle in the same half-plane as the
  //    inside point?

  double ip = VTK_ISLEFT(p0, p1, insidePt);
  double rp;

  double pts[4][2];

  pts[0][0] = hmin; pts[0][1] = vmin;
  pts[1][0] = hmin; pts[1][1] = vmax;
  pts[2][0] = hmax; pts[2][1] = vmax;
  pts[3][0] = hmax; pts[3][1] = vmin;

  for (i=0; i < 4; i++)
  {
    rp = VTK_ISLEFT(p0, p1, pts[i]);

    if (  ((rp < 0) && (ip < 0)) || ((rp > 0) && (ip > 0))    )
    {
      return 0;
    }
  }

  return 1;
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::RectangleOutside(double hmin, double hmax,
                                  double vmin, double vmax, int dir)
{
  vtkIdType npts = this->HullSize[dir];

  if (npts == 2)
  {
    return this->RectangleOutside1DPolygon(hmin, hmax, vmin, vmax, dir);
  }

  // a representative point inside the polygon

  double *insidePt = new double[2];

  insidePt[0] = this->CCWHull[dir][0];
  insidePt[1] = this->CCWHull[dir][1];

  insidePt[0] += this->CCWHull[dir][4];
  insidePt[1] += this->CCWHull[dir][5];

  if (npts == 3)
  {
    insidePt[0] += this->CCWHull[dir][2];
    insidePt[1] += this->CCWHull[dir][3];

    insidePt[0] /= 3;
    insidePt[1] /= 3;
  }
  else
  {
    insidePt[0] /= 2;
    insidePt[1] /= 2;
  }

  // For each infinite line given by the line segments of the
  // polygon, determine if rectangle is entirely outside that line.
  // If so, it must be outside the polygon.

  for (vtkIdType i=0; i < npts-1; ++i)
  {
    if (OutsideLine(hmin,hmax,vmin,vmax,
                  this->CCWHull[dir] + 2*i,
                  this->CCWHull[dir] + 2*i + 2,
                  insidePt))
    {
      delete [] insidePt;
      return 1;
    }
  }

  delete [] insidePt;

  // KDM: The test above is sufficient for the polygon to be outside the box,
  // but not necessary.  Consider the following bounding box and triangle.
  //
  //                    +-----------------------+                       //
  //                    |                       |                       //
  //                    |                       |                       //
  //                    +-----------------------+                       //
  //                                                                    //
  //                                /\                                  //
  //                               /  \                                 //
  //                               ----                                 //
  //
  // In this case, the triangle fails the test above but is still outside.
  // Someone concerned about this should fix this test.

  return 0;
}

int vtkPointsProjectedHull::RectangleOutside1DPolygon(double hmin, double hmax,
                                  double vmin, double vmax, int dir)
{
  double *p0 = this->CCWHull[dir];
  double *p1 = this->CCWHull[dir] + 2;

  double pts[4][2];

  pts[0][0] = hmin; pts[0][1] = vmin;
  pts[1][0] = hmin; pts[1][1] = vmax;
  pts[2][0] = hmax; pts[2][1] = vmax;
  pts[3][0] = hmax; pts[3][1] = vmin;

  double side;
  double reference=0.0;

  for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
  {
    side = VTK_ISLEFT(p0, p1,pts[i]);

    if (reference != 0.0)
    {
      if (side != reference)
      {
        return 0;   // two points are on opposite sides of the line
      }
    }
    else if (side != 0.0)
    {
      reference = side;
    }
  }

  // all four vertices are either on the line or on the same side
  // of the line

  return 1;
}

// The sort functions

extern "C"
{
  int vtkPointsProjectedHullIncrVertAxis(const void *p1, const void *p2)
  {
    const double *a = static_cast<const double*>(p1);
    const double *b = static_cast<const double*>(p2);

    if (a[1] < b[1])
    {
      return -1;
    }
    else if (a[1] == b[1])
    {
      return 0;
    }
    else
    {
      return 1;
    }
  }

  int vtkPointsProjectedHullCCW(const void *p1, const void *p2)
  {
    const double *a = static_cast<const double*>(p1);
    const double *b = static_cast<const double*>(p2);

    // sort in counter clockwise order from first point

    double val = VTK_ISLEFT(firstPt, a, b);

    if (val < 0)
    {
      return 1;   // b is right of line firstPt->a
    }
    else if (val == 0)
    {
      return 0;   // b is on line firstPt->a
    }
    else
    {
      return -1;  // b is left of line firstPt->a
    }
  }
}

void vtkPointsProjectedHull::PrintSelf(ostream& os, vtkIndent indent)
{
  this->Superclass::PrintSelf(os,indent);

  os << indent << "Pts: " << this->Pts << endl;
  os << indent << "Npts: " << this->Npts << endl;
  os << indent << "PtsTime: " << this->PtsTime << endl;

  os << indent << "CCWHull X: " << this->CCWHull[0] << endl;
  os << indent << "HullBBox X: [" ;
    os << this->HullBBox[0][0] << ", " <<  this->HullBBox[0][1] << "] [";
    os << this->HullBBox[0][2] << ", " <<  this->HullBBox[0][3] << "] ";
  os << indent << "HullSize X: " << this->HullSize[0] << endl;
  os << indent << "HullTime X: " << this->HullTime[0] << endl;

  os << indent << "CCWHull Y: " << this->CCWHull[1] << endl;
  os << indent << "HullBBox Y: [" ;
    os << this->HullBBox[1][0] << ", " <<  this->HullBBox[1][1] << "] [";
    os << this->HullBBox[1][2] << ", " <<  this->HullBBox[1][3] << "] ";
  os << indent << "HullSize Y: " << this->HullSize[1] << endl;
  os << indent << "HullTime Y: " << this->HullTime[1] << endl;

  os << indent << "CCWHull Z: " << this->CCWHull[2] << endl;
  os << indent << "HullBBox Z: [" ;
    os << this->HullBBox[2][0] << ", " <<  this->HullBBox[2][1] << "] [";
    os << this->HullBBox[2][2] << ", " <<  this->HullBBox[2][3] << "] ";
  os << indent << "HullSize Z: " << this->HullSize[2] << endl;
  os << indent << "HullTime Z: " << this->HullTime[2] << endl;
}
